Domestic Violence Effects On The United States Of America...

Domestic violence effects every nationality from the poor to the young spreading through generations of every culture. Domestic abuse is a growing problem that affects millions of people in all types of relationships. The emotions that accompanies through domestic violence causes pain through physical assaults and long lasting psychological trauma. The long extensive abuse leads to death. There are several areas of domestic violence. In this comparison study I will identify and describe four major areas of domestic violence, which include physical abuse, mental/emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and domestic homicide. In this study I will also identify how these areas of domestic violence affect the countries of The United States of America, Japan, Russia, Canada and Africa. According to (Breiding, Smith, Basile, et al. (2014) , a national Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, conducted in the U. S. in 2011 revealed, The lifetime prevalence of physical violence by an intimate partner was an estimated 31.5% among women. An estimated 22 .3% of women experienced at least one act of severe physical violence by an intimate partner during their lifetime. The lifetime prevalence of physical violence by an intimate partner was an estimated 27.5% for men. An estimated 14 of men experienced at least one act of severe physical violence by an intimate partner during their lifetimes. Where the victim/offender relationship was known, female murder victims were almost 6Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On The United States Of America And Directed By Michael Apted Essay2294 Words   |  10 Pages2002. Enough was filmed in the United States of America and directed by Michael Apted. Director Michael Apted was born in England and he is bes t known for his films for The World Is Not Enough, The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, and the film this analysis will focus on entitled Enough. The film Enough is relevant to society because it exemplifies how spousal abuse and abuse against women is prevalent concern in society. This issue of domestic abuse can range from sexual assaultRead MoreThe Truth About Domestic Abuse1257 Words   |  6 PagesThe Truth about Domestic Abuse in the U.S. I. Introduction: â€Å"Domestic Violence in America occurs behind the scenes of homes and is often kept a secret. The results of abuse in intimate relationships can be deadly if loved ones do not know the signs, help is not requested, and if the public is not educated.† A. Most shared issues in relationships should be relatively small and solvable. B. There is a fine line between relationships that are healthy and are not. C. Even the smallest bit of assistanceRead MoreDomestic Violence Is A Crisis1171 Words   |  5 Pageswith our eyes closed towards the crisis of domestic violence. A study done showed that every nine seconds a women is beaten or assaulted (â€Å"Statistics†). The time that it has taken you to read to this point is the time it has taken for a women to be hit by this crisis. Yet, so many think that the concern for domestic violence is over-exaggerated. Many think that there are so many other epidemics going on that should take precedence over domestic violence. Besides worrying about these epidemics, itRead MoreThe Cost Of Domestic Violence1662 Words   |  7 PagesCenteria Cooley Sociology 101 Professor Nelms 20 November 2015 The Cost of Domestic Violence in America â€Å"Just because the scare have healed, doesn’t mean the pain has.† –healthyplace.com Domestic violence is a pattern of behavior used to exhibit control over another person through fear and intimidation by threat, force, or use of violence in intimate relationships. This issue has been an overlooked problem in American society for ages however as it becomes mainstream time and time again and theRead MoreDefinition Essay - Blind Violence1626 Words   |  7 PagesBlind Violence Introduction When you hear, â€Å"in every 9 seconds a US women is assaulted or beaten, it makes you question how domestic violence is still going on in America (domesticviolencestatitics.org) Today, there are many songs that reveal this issue publicly and it just goes to show that domestic violence has always been a problem in the United States. Two songs that portray the awareness of this same message is evident with â€Å"The Last To Say† a hip-hop song by Atmosphere. It was released fromRead MoreDomestic Violence Is A Serious And Ever Growing Problem1396 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Violence Domestic violence is a serious and ever growing problem that the United States is faced with. Many people have suffered from domestic violence, and many more are still suffering even though the abuse ended years ago. Domestic violence victims still continue to suffer from the experience to this day. The effects of domestic violence creates something that will stick with the victim for a lifetime. Because victims fear reporting their problems to the police, many accounts of domesticRead MoreDomestic Terrorism Is America s Greatest Threat : Mass Shootings And Hate Crimes1389 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Terrorism is America s Greatest Threat: Mass Shootings and Hate Crimes I. Introduction The United States has been in a national state of emergency fighting a war on terrorism since September 11, 2001. The intelligence communities have pursued and tracked down terrorist suspects who pose a direct threat to this country, yet one of the greatest threat to this country is the astronomical number of mass shootings and hate crimes that have occurred in this country post 9/11. The UnitedRead MoreViolence And Abuse Of The United States913 Words   |  4 PagesUnfortunately violence and abuse are very common in the United States. They can be expressed in many ways such as physical, emotional, mental, sexual, financial, and even spiritual abuse. The victim can suffer major health and mental problems caused by the mistreatment. Not only does it affect those involved, but also those who witness the violence. It is a very difficult cycle to break, as the abuser tends to continuously abuse the victim, even when they claim that they have changed and will stopRead MoreThe Three Stages Of Violence1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe three stages of violence. According to the article, The Cycle of Domestic violence, there are three stages of violence. They are defined as the tension-building stage, the explosive stage, and the honeymoon stage (Domestic Violence Roundtable, 2008). The tension-building stage. The first stage, is the tension-building stage. This stage is known by a time of extreme stress and tension. During this time, the batterer (or abuser) may become overly agitated, and begin acting aggressively. It isRead MoreThe National Coalition Against Domestic Violence860 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence is violent or aggressive behavior pattern in a relationship between two partners within the home. Domestic Violence typically involves one of the individuals I the relationship to be controlling and wants to take advantage and control of the other. The University of Louisiana at Monroe needs a new organization that can make a difference and give both women and men a sense of hope and safety; this solution should be the National Coalition against Domestic Violence (NCADV). The National

Food Deserts Essay - 1839 Words

Hundreds of thousands of Chicagoans live in what’s known as a food desert. A food desert is in an area of focus that is short on access to fresh meat and produce. These areas are usually over populated with packaged and processed foods, which are not always healthy. They also have a significant amount junk that you can easily find in convenience stores and fast food restaurants. What exactly qualifies a neighborhood to be part of a food desert? Food deserts usually have a bunch of blocks without a corner grocery store. In a more severe case an entire neighborhood, or a whole bunch of neighborhoods do not have a mainstream grocery store. A mainstream grocery stored would be a grocery store like a Jewel, a Whole Foods, or an Aldi, where†¦show more content†¦In a lower income neighborhood such as Pullman, where there are not many grocery stores. These neighborhoods lack all kinds of resources that they need to be able to access these grocery stores, such as, money and transportation. â€Å"Theres nothing here in the community for us to shop at, (Schorsch, 2009) said Saiesha Anderson, 28, who suggests that city officials transform the vacant lots and boarded up shops in Pullman into groceries stocked with fresh foods. Rev. James Meeks called Pullman a food desert because, the closest store with fresh produce is a Jewel that is located at 11730 S. Mars hfield Ave., which would be a few miles from some families homes depending on where their homes are located. In our neighborhood, the only thing you can buy is something greasy in a bag, (Schorsch, 2009) said Rev. Meeks. Meeks wants the Chicago aldermen and Chicago’s union leaders to allow Walmart to build a store on the South Side, home to some of the citys poorest communities. According to the book â€Å" The Meaning of Sociology†, â€Å"Having high rank means that one can influence the economic and political order r more regularly than can those who hold low rank or lives in poverty.† (Charon, Vigilant, 67) A neighborhood with wealthier income would be able access the resources that they need daily for food, versus a family of lower income who does not have the money to have access to the saneShow MoreRelatedFood Of A Food Desert1745 Words   |  7 PagesBarrera Geography Matthew Piscelli November 19, 2014 Food Deserts One huge problem that the United States faces today are the large numbers of food deserts. A food desert, according to the United States department of Agriculture, is a neighborhood that has a difficult time getting quality and affordable food to their home. This means that people are not properly being fed and getting the nutrition needed for a healthy diet. The good quality food that is needed to maintain this balance is not nearRead MoreFood Deserts2346 Words   |  10 Pages Food Deserts There is growing trend of cities across the United States that do not have access to food such as places in Buffalo, Baltimore, or Detroit. According to the USDA, a food desert is to qualify as a â€Å"low-access community,† at least 500 people and/or at least 33 percent of the census tract s population must reside more than one mile from a supermarket or large grocery store (for rural census tracts, the distance is more than 10 miles). You can even look up a food desert locat erRead MoreThe Food Of A Food Desert Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagesthe deadliest places when left stranded without proper supplies are deserts. The most popular ones are the Sahara, Arabian, Mojave, and Food. Food? Yes, as much as people say that’s nonsense, a food desert is an occurring anomaly that impacts many people around the world, and in the United States. A food desert is a place where people do not have access to natural healthy food, however they do have access to cheap unhealthy food. Those areas today tend to be densely populated urban communities thatRead MoreEconomic Factors Of Food Deserts1936 Words   |  8 Pagesthe economic factors of food deserts in America. Determining aspects of food store locations, supply and demand, food pricing, income, and consumer preferences are discussed as some of the economic causes of food deserts. Ten articles are used to support this paper with unique standpoints on this topic. Subjects that these articles examine are con sumer demand, healthful food pricing, business opportunity costs, effects of low income, heterogeneity and homogeneity of food choices, and the effectsRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Food Deserts And Food Insecurity Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesThe Social Determinants of Food Deserts and Food Insecurity Diverse groups in American society are often the most marginalized and therefore the most vulnerable to issues that undermine the fair and uncomplicated pursuit of health and wellbeing. One of those issues is the lack of access to affordable healthy food and, in many cases, the inaccessibility to food in general. Areas where affordable and healthy foods are largely unavailable are called food deserts and the members of the diverse groupsRead MoreFood Deserts in Chicago1741 Words   |  7 Pagesto produce healthy foods. The increasing amount of food deserts and lack of family income contributes to African-American obesity rates, and lack of healthy choices. Ironically, these food desserts reside in communities plagued by poverty. These income restrictions also add to the problems that are part of being in a food desert. Literature Review Mari Gallagher(2006). Examining the Impact of Food Deserts on Public Health in Chicago Food deserts are places where healthy foods are not produced norRead MoreFood Deserts And Their Affect On African Americans Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesFood Deserts and Their Affect on African Americans For centuries, the United States has been seen as a food and food-product paradise; with a constant bombardment of daily specials, â€Å"two-for-one† deals, and never ending combo options oozing from every corner of the food-scape. For many Americans, over indulgence is a frequent occurrence-studies show more than 50% of adults say they eat out at least once a week (â€Å"58% Eat at A Restaurant†, 2013). Even in this scene of gluttony, the poverty strickenRead MorePersuasive Essay On Food Deserts774 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneration calls â€Å"breakfast† instead of â€Å"snacks†. Even if they are having a snack, people here would probably choose chocolate instead of fruit. Why? Because there are food deserts EVERYWHERE in America. Specifically, in Georgia, nearly two million people live in one. And to be more specific, the metro Atlanta area has more food deserts than any other city in Georgia. But the excuse that they have for eating what they eat is pl ain out a terrible excuse: â€Å"they can not help the fact that they are notRead MoreThe Effects Of Liquidating Food Deserts On The United States Essay2062 Words   |  9 Pages Liquidating Food Deserts Many areas in the United States contain an abundance of neighborhoods that function with little to no healthy food sources nearby because of the large number of people in poverty. With the fleeing number of locally owned grocery stores and convenient fast food restaurants sprouting in urban and rural areas, residents do not have an adequate quantity of fruits and vegetables readily available. The City of Baltimore defines a food desert as â€Å"an area where the distance to aRead MoreEssay on Low Income Families Living in Food Deserts1326 Words   |  6 PagesMany of the people living in food deserts are people with low income. These low-income families often turn to the junk food provided at the convenience stores and fast food restaurants because it is all they can afford. Socio-economic status is a defining characteristic of food deserts. Food deserts are most commonly found in areas dominated by minorities and low-income families. Studies show that wealthy areas have about trip le the amount of supermarkets as poor urban areas do. In addition to this

Microeconomics and Behavior Tools System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Microeconomics and Behavior Tools System. Answer: Introduction: Unwholesome food habits enhance government expenses on diverse health as well as services. However, in order to resolve this, there is need for using tools of subsidy as well as tax in combination. Although, both subsidies along with taxes have distorting impact, it can transform purchasing habit by altering prices by the consumers and the ones accepted by the sellers. Firstly, it is important to take into consideration the impact of particularly taxation on specifically taxation on diverse unhealthy food such as sweet along with sweet beverages. In essence, the own price elasticity approximation for particularly sweet as well as sweet snacks are recorded to be -0.270 and -0.295 for sweets of both high and low caloried sweet and sugar snacks in that order. Thus, the demand can be considered to be inelastic in natire and therefore, the demand curve is observed to be steeper. Prior to the process of tax imposition, P* reflects the equilibrium price and Q* reflects the equilibrium quantity. However, tax imposition can increase the price paid by consumers to the level of P1 and thereby the price accepted by the producer can be considered to be P2 (Frank 2014). Nevertheless, owing to inelastic demand, consumers can put up with higher burden of tax. In essence, food with higher level of calorie as well as vegetables necessarily have a price elasticity that is equal to -1.128 while the dairy products with lower calories necessarily have price elasticity equal to -1.97. However, at the time when a specific subsidy is provided then a definite amount paid as price by different consumers decreases whilst the amount received by producer increases. In essence, subsidy on these particular products can increase demand of specific foods by a certain fraction that is greater than the decrease in price (Frank 2014). As suggested by Keynes government intervention is required in a certain economy in order to put up with shocks. As such, the Keynesian viewpoint received attention especially during the Great Recession. During the period of recession the entire economy stands up with depressed demand owing to decreased consumption spending. Frank (2014) asserts that spending can be regarded as a significant element of government spending. Particularly, the support delivered by the governing unit directly else wise indirectly enhances household spending and private outgoings and thus leads to overall increase in the aggregate demand. As such, the fiscal dependence was provided priority since no authority responsible for monetary affairs or in other words central bank was existent. During the period of economic recession, the entire economy shrinks/contracts. Essentially, automatic fiscal stabilizers essentially refer to the ones that work without dynamic intervention by different policymakers. Since the entire income decreases, individuals make lesser payments for tax. Again, with shrinking employment prospects, government has the need to make higher amount of transfer payments. In addition to this, the alterations in taxation revenue and government expenses bring about automated modification in budget Case et al. (2014). Essentially, the discretionary alterations occur in the form of alterations in taxation rate else wise government expenses. However, during the period of recession, government enhances their overall spending and decreases the overall rates of taxation. Particularly, the government spending on the whole in particularly OECD zone during the period of recessionary situation has enhanced from particularly 25% during the period of 1960 to nearly 40% in the present days. Fiscal contraction occurs particularly in the form of lessening wasteful expenses that develops the entire economic performance. Particularly, during the period of fiscal contraction, it can be seen that a crowd in effect takes place particularly in investment owing to functionality in the money market. Frank (2014) mentions that the money market tool that works is essentially the rate of interest. Due to fiscal contraction, the rate of interest existent in the money market decreases. In particular, this helps in stimulating real investment by way of lessening the overall cost of borrowing. Investment being an element of aggregate demand leads to enhancement of economic action. Case et al. (2014) asserts that monetary policy provides stimulus to the entire economy by providing boost to the net investment as well as aggregate demand. However, under specific expansionary monetary strategy, there occurs a reduction in the rate of interest by means of supply of money. However, the reduced rate of interest augments the level of investment in the nation because of a decreased cost of borrowing. In particular, with depreciation in the currency, the nations export necessarily becomes cheaper and this assists the process of export. Nonetheless, with enhancement in the bet export, national income essentially rises and subsequently the entire economy expands. Frank (2014) mentions that the stimulus provided from particular fiscal strategy does not take into consideration the specific fact that the Australian economy is to great extent reliant on level of external borrowing. Essentially, the foreign borrowing gets introduced by means of channel of banking segment where the rate of interest plays a very significant role. References Case, K.E., Fair, R.C. and Oster, S., 2014.Principles of economics. Pearson Higher Ed. Frank, R., 2014.Microeconomics and behavior. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

The Effects of Fast Food on Health free essay sample

There are so many restaurants around the world today that could severely harm your health. Fast food has so many bad side effects such as: obesity, high cholesterol levels, and food poisoning. You could say that there are way more bad side effects than good side effects from obtaining fast food. Obesity has been ranked the number one health threat to Americans and causes up to 400,000 deaths a year. In fast foods, the levels of Trans fat and calories are very high and lead to stomach fat and diabetes. Obese better are more likely to develop cardiovascular stress which usually comes from fast food with lots of salt in it. Eating fast foods usually increases some ones cholesterol level which is very dangerous. High cholesterol levels can more times than not lead to thickening or clogging of the arteries which can lead to obstructed blood flow which could cause high blood pressure. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Fast Food on Health or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Once an artery is completely blocked, there could be a heart attack or even complete heart failure. Food poisoning is a side effect from fast food that a lot of people just look over without even realizing that is actually is bad side effect. The processed meat in fast food restaurants is often contaminated with manure that has Escherichia Coli and Salmonella which can both lead to death. Even after the medicines kill the bacteria; it can still cause harmful effects. The diseases are spread through not fully cooked hamburgers and are a leading cause of renal failure in children. All in all, you could definitely say that fast foods are in no way good for you. They cause so many problems that people do not even realize. When people eat them, they more than likely do not know what all of the side effects are and what they are doing to their bodies.

Black Plague Essays - Health, Medicine, Plague, Veterinary Medicine

Black Plague Essays - Health, Medicine, Plague, Veterinary Medicine Black Plague Living in Europe in the middle of the 1300s would have been heartbreaking and dreadful. Not only were the living conditions very poor but there was an unknown disease that was wiping out a large percentage of European population. One cannot imagine the fear of wondering whether you or someone you loved was going to catch this deadly disease. No explanation would make a person feel safe from catching it or dying with it. The people of Europe just lived their lives as best they could realizing that nothing they do could ever stop this. They did not have the power to stop this it was far too beyond them. This unknown disease is known as the Bubonic Plague. The plague was passed among many rodents by fleas. Most of the rodents were rats. Fleas living on the rats blood would eject the disease into the rat causing it to die quickly. When there were no rats left around, the flea would search for a new host, such as a human. When an infected flea bit the human the bacteria multiplies quickly causing death within a few Days. One a person obtains this disease they can easily spread it among other humans by bacilli coughed or sneezed in to the air or by human fleas. The plague had struck other parts of the world before it was first reported in Europe. The disease had been found in China and throughout India around 1332. Nomadic horsemen may have carried the plague westward between China and the Black Sea, where it apparently spread into Russia. Rumors had spread to Europe about the strange and terrible things happening in the East. Europeans began fearing this plague not knowing of its origin or cause. Eventually, the same unusual things started to occur in Europe and the plague was then reported to be in Europe. As the bubonic plague spread across Europe it was called many names. Italians were dying by the thousands so they called it the Great Death. The Spanish called it Moroccan Fever, while Moroccans called it Mountain Fever. Most Europeans called it the Italian Fever or Italian Pestilence. It was not until later when the plague was called the Black Death. Black in Latin means dreadful, unlucky, and gloomy. This and because of black spots on the skin of many plague victims led the people to associate the word black with the plague. There are two reasons that made Europe ripe for the spread of the plague. The negative reason was the living conditions of majority of the people. Most peasants and serfs lived in small villages of windowless thatched wooden huts. It would not be too bad if the people knew of sanitation. They dumped their wastes into rivers from which they drank. They also dumped them into nearby fields where livestock graze and livestock slept under the same roof as the people. Washing was a similar problem. People rarely washed themselves or their clothes. Fleas lice and other vermin were part of life and to be endured with. Most rats were ignored which was not good because they were major carriers of the disease. Many of the doctors of the time were amazed at the horrible disease. Physicians were stumped about cure or even remedies of this illness. The only advice they could offer is to get away from it and start off new somewhere else. Many physicians followed their own advice and deserted areas where the plague was to be found. Many doctors told patients that the disease came because of a corrupted or polluted atmosphere. There were a few attempts of doctors finding a remedy. Gui de Chauliac recommended a variety of pills, purges, and bleeding. These are all known as medieval remedies. Chauliac seemed to think on the brighter side of things. Others like Chalin de Vinario put his own opinion quite bluntly, Every pronounced case of the plague is incurable. All the doctors lacked one important connection: the spread of plague between the rats. This connection had been noticed earlier by others. An extremely high fever, chills, and ultimately delirium and death characterize the plague. The bacilli collect in the lymph nodes, mostly the ones in the

My Favorite Qubcois Canadian French Expressions

My Favorite Qubcois Canadian French Expressions As Quebec French language is very rich and full of nuances, it is difficult to choose a few representative phrases. Nevertheless, after much debate, this is my top list. These expressions are difficult to translate, so make sure you read the example to really get the meaning. I also added the French from France equivalent whenever I could. Enjoy! Michel is French and Canadian. He lives in the gorgeous island of Belle-Isle in Brittany where he offers  French immersion. He also taught at McGill in Montreal where he also spends a few months each year. 1 -  Avoir de la misà ¨reJ’ai ben d’la misà ¨re jouer au tennisLiteral translation: I have a lot of misery playing tennisIt means: I’ve got difficulty playing tennis.â€Å"Ben† comes from bien and means â€Å"beaucoup†, a lot of.In â€Å"franà §ais de France†, one would say : j’ai du mal jouer au tennis. 2 -  Avoir son voyageJ’ai mon voyage! Literal translation: I’ve got my trip, I have traveled.It indicates that you are surprised, or that you are fed up.In franà §ais de France, one would say : à §a alors! (to indicate surprise) Or j’en ai marre ! (to say youre fed up). 3 -  Le boss des bà ©cossesIl se prend pour le boss des bà ©cosses. Literal translation: he thinks he is the toilets boss.One would say that about someone who wants to lead a group of people who do not want any leader. Les bà ©cosses, a familiar feminine plural word, comes from the English word back-house and means toilets. 4 - C’est l’fonne!C’est ben l’fonne It’s really fun. See the Quà ©bà ©cois transformation of the English word fun into fonne, the word that doesnt exist at all in French from France. Note however that Canadian use both spellings, fun (more common) or fonne.The opposite phrase would be: c’est platte. It literally means it is flat (from the literal translation plat, but put in a Quà ©bà ©cois way...) but really means it is dull. Continues on page 2 Continued from Page 1 5 - En titiIl est riche en titi.It means he is very rich, so en titi means very.The origin of this adverbial phrase is unknown. 6 - Être aux oiseauxQuand il à ©coute de la musique, il est aux oiseauxWhen he listens to music, he belongs to birdsIt means to be very happy, ecstatic.In French from France,  one would say aux anges (with the angels). 7 - Ya du monde la messeQuand ya des soldes, ya du monde la messe.When there are sales, there are people for Mass.It means its crowded. Note the common street French way to say (sometimes even write ya instead of il-y-a. This is true for both Canadian and French from France French)In French from France, one would say il y a foule. I will be adding more expressions soon, so be informed of new articles, make sure you subscribe to my newsletter (its easy, you just enter your email address - look for it its somewhere on the French language homepage) or follow me on my social network pages below. I post exclusive mini lessons, tips, pictures and more daily on my Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest pages - so press the links below - talk to you there! https://www.facebook.com/frenchtoday https://twitter.com/frenchToday https://www.pinterest.com/frenchtoday/ More articles I wrote about Canadian French: - Dialogue in French Canadian ≠  Franà §ais de France English translation- My favorite French Canadian Expressions- 7 Best French Canadian Idioms- Love in Quà ©bà ©cois French

Assigment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Assigment 2 - Essay Example In regard to the first issue, a party is considered in breach of a contract when a party fails to perform its obligations under the said contract. In the problem, the contract provides that the barge will be delivered in safe working order for the purpose of sea-faring voyages (Clause 4) and that a condition of the agreement is that the barge will be available from 1st January 2006 until 31st December 2008 (Clause 8). Blue is guilty of breach of contract because the barge was only actually ready-to-load on the 3rd of January 2006 in violation of the owner’s promise (Clause 8) that the barge will be ready-to-load from the start of the charter, i.e. the 1st of January. Moreover, Blue is guilty of breach of contract because the barge had to be towed sometime January 2008 (when the contract is still effective) from Oslo to Liverpool due to serious engine failure in violation of Clause 4. Having failed to perform its obligations under the contract, Blue is therefore in breach of co ntract. In regard to the issue of whether Red may exercise the right both to terminate the contract and to claim compensation for past and future losses, the answer depends on whether the terms of the contract violated by Blue is a condition or a warranty. This is because not all contract terms are of equal significance. Some are more important than others. A condition is an essential term of the contract which goes to the root or the heart of the contract while a warranty, on the other hand, is a lesser, subsidiary term of the contract. The distinction between a condition and a warranty is vital in the event of a breach of contract. A breach of a condition enables the party who is not in breach of contract (â€Å"the innocent party†) either to terminate the performance of the contract and obtain damages for any loss suffered as a result the breach or to affirm the contract and recover damages for the breach. A breach of a warranty, on the other hand,

TEXTBOOK-Brinkley, American History, Connecting with the Past, Volume Essay - 4

TEXTBOOK-Brinkley, American History, Connecting with the Past, Volume II, McGraw Hill chapters 20-21 - Essay Example The Square deal was an approach where Roosevelt was focused in solving three fundamental community concerns. The other progressive who took up the Presidential Office was Woodrow Wilson, a democrat with proper academic backgrounds who was equipped with various community development change ideologies (Alan 2011, pg.516). In their quest to facilitate a corruption free society and foster development by using the progressivism program, the two presidents experienced several obstacles that derailed the achievement of their goals; however, they managed to overcome some of the obstacles and in the end achieved their development agendas. To begin with, when Roosevelt came to power as the President of the United States, he had a focus to address three aspects of the society in which on his own view were fundamental: Roosevelt was enthusiastic in protecting consumers, conserving the environment and controlling corporations (Alan 2011, pg. 516). In 1902, coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike demanding better pay, proper working conditions as well as a reduction of normal working time from ten hours to nine hours a day. President Roosevelt stepped in to create a solution to this conflict by calling a meeting with the mine owners for negotiations. However, some of the mine owners were reluctant and did not attend the meeting; some of them did not show sympathy and were adamant to meet the demands of their workers. President Roosevelt, having been motivated by the majority support from the public, miners and the workers’, decided to use his ‘big stick’ where: He was to seize and manage the mines through the use of Government troops (Alan 2011, pg. 517). Additionally, President Roosevelt experienced great challenges in his effort to eliminate corruption among monopolistic businesses and corporations (Trusts) of which majority were owned by the America’s

Internet Cafe Administration and Monitoring System Essay Example for Free

Internet Cafe Administration and Monitoring System Essay Internet cafes are very abundant nowadays. Managing networked computers, payment, time in and time out of the client PCs are very important especially to the cafe owner or employee. In a computer cafe, the recording of time is under the responsibility of the cafe owner or employee who must work consistently, timely, efficiently and patiently to make his business work. Since system computerization is becoming a trend, the cafe owner needs a system to serve its customers better and efficiently. How will an Administration and Monitoring System for Ledion Internet and Networking Cafe help the business manage the client pc start and end times efficiently and accurately? Ledion Internet Networking Cafe have their existing computerized system but is not reliable enough because there are times when the server automatically locks the client pc even when the time was not finished which the owner/employee was obliged to write the time starts and ends of the client pcs in a hard copy of MS Excel sheet. Since the Ledion Internet Networking Cafe have its 3 branches. The main branch is located in 10th Avenue, Caloocan City near Caloocan City Hall; the other 2 branches are situated near Our Lady of Fatima University and University of Santo Tomas. The owner was not well-informed of what is happening in his other cafes unless he calls the employees in charge in other branches. It is very beneficial for the owner to solve the common problems they encounter on their everyday operation in the cafe.

J.D. Salinger :: essays research papers

Many critics consider J.D. Salinger a very controversial writer, for the subject matters that he writes.. J.D. Salinger's works were generally written during two time periods. The first time period was during World War II, and the second time period was during the 1960's. Critics feel that the works during the 1960 time period were very inappropriate, because of the problems for which he wrote. The main characters were generally misfits of society. In most of his works, he has the protagonist of the story go on a quest for happiness. Salinger does not conform to the material happiness; the characters undergo a spiritual happiness. The characters generally start out as in bad conditions, through the end of his works they undergone changes that change them for the better. The works of J.D. Salinger show the quest for happiness through religion, loneliness, and symbolism. Salinger's works often use religion in order to portray comfort. In Salinger's Nine Stories Franny Glass keeps reciting the "Jesus Prayer" to cope with the suicide of her brother Seymour (Bloom in Bryfonski and Senick 69). Salinger is able to use this prayer as a means of comfort for Franny. The prayer stands for the last hope for Franny in this situation. Franny would be lost if there were no prayer. (Bryfonski and Senick 71). Salinger shows us comfort in Catcher in the Rye. Holden Caufield, the protagonist, is very much in despair for losing his girlfriend, so Caufield reads a passage in the Bible. This helps Holden change his outlook on life (Salzberg 75). Holden was all-alone at this point and had no one to turn back on, until he found the Bible (Salzberg 76). In both stories the characters had found themselves in bad situations. The characters in these works have obstacles, which they must overcome in order to achieve happiness (Salzman 34). Happiness is the !very substance which all of these characters are striving for in Salinger's works. Salinger uses religion in his works to comfort them so that they can proceed on their quest to achieve happiness. Salinger uses religion as a means for liberation. Salinger uses much of the Zen philosophy, as in the case of Nine Stories, to achieve this liberation (Madsen 93). In Nine Stories one of the characters, Seymour Glass, is portrayed as Buddha in the sense that he wants to be liberated as Buddha was in his life (Madsen 93).

David Beckham

Comm 423 The Value of David Beckham Dik Yi Tse (230052113) Ryan Darmasubrata (230055322) The purpose of this paper is to evaluate one of the most phenomenal transfers in the football world. The transferred of David Beckham from Manchester United to Real Madrid has becoming the talk of not just football fans but the financial expert for the last 2 years. Unlike most transfers, the David Beckham transfer has revolutionized player transfer in the football world. It became the standing point on how football player is not valued according to their skills on the field but rather on their skills outside the field. The paper will evaluate the cause, the reasons and the effect of the transfer based on both technical and financial aspects. In order to evaluate the transfer based on its financial aspect, we will use analytical theory of production and competition between firms. [pic] [pic] Variable cost satisfies the following formula: [pic] [pic] Return function: [pic] C: variable cost S: unit price of the product K: fixed cost ?: rate of diffusion r: discount rate T: duration of the facility With the formulas above, we try to justify the returns of the football clubs under different environment. From the calculations, we can see the change of revenue for the football clubs between fixed costs at different levels of market size. David Beckham David Beckham is an English footballer, widely regarded as the biggest icon in the sport. He currently plays for Real Madrid and he is the captain of England national team. David Beckham is especially noted for the quality of his crossing and the ability to hit free-kicks particularly from long-range and swinging corners. He is also famed for his celebrity lifestyle trappings, media attention and marketing potential. Early on in his career Beckham secured a number of lucrative sponsorship deals including Brylcreem, Adidas, Vodafone (which ended in July 2005) and Diesel. Despite the USA's uneven acceptance of soccer, Beckham's recognition in the USA is strong enough to enable him to appear in print and television advertising for various sponsors, including Gillette razors. He has become more well known in North America since the success of the British film Bend It Like Beckham, about a British Sikh girl who idolizes David Beckham and harbours ambitions of being a football player. David was born on May 2, 1975 in Leytonstone, London to Ted and Sandra Beckham. David's parents were Manchester United supporters and he accompanied then to many of the games. He signed for Manchester United as a trainee in July 1991 and he was instrumental in helping the club win the FA Youth Cup in May 1992, scoring in the second leg of the final against Crystal Palace. His Premier League debut eventually came at home to Leeds United on April 2, 1995. Partially as a result of injuries to key starters, David established himself in the first team during the 1995/96 season. David's match-winning performances during 1996/97 helped United to win another Premiership title and reach the semi-final of the UEFA Champions League. On a personal level, he was voted Young Player of the Year and second in the overall Player of the Year poll. Manchester United's 1997/98 season was one to forget as they finished second to Arsenal in the League, lost to Barnsley in the FA Cup and were knocked out of the Champions League quarter-finals by Monaco. David enjoyed a memorable moment, when he was selected for England's World Cup Finals squad. He’s been a team member ever since. Beckham captained England for the first ime in a friendly match in Italy and retained the armband for the friendly with Spain and the World Cup qualifiers against Albania and Finland, against whom he scored an important goal at Anfield. Beckham made his 85th appearance for England in 2005 and is expected to captain the team at the 2006 World Cup in Germany. If so, he would become only the six th England player to represent his country at three World Cup competitions (although Sol Campbell and Michael Owen are expected to achieve this feat at the same time), and the fourth (after Billy Wright, Bobby Moore and Bryan Robson) to captain the team at more than one World Cup. Beckham is also a reasonable candidate to record 100 appearances for his country. He captained his country for a landmark 50th time in the friendly international against Argentina in November 2005. Beckham is one of only four players to have appeared 100 times in the Champions League. The reasons for transfer Manchester United First reason: David Beckham only had 2 more years contract with Manchester United and under the Bosman rule, every player can sign another contract with another team in the term of 6 months before his contract expired. Because of the clause of the Bosman transfer rule, any club can get David Beckham signature without paying any fee to Manchester United, if David Beckham decide not to sign any new contract within the next one and a half years, Manchester United would lose their biggest asset without getting any returns. Second reason: David Beckham relationship with his manager was in the midst of trouble. David Beckham popularity has divided his concentration between his job on the field and on the runaway. With having conservative method of running a football club, Sir Alex Ferguson, Manager of Manchester United had concern that David Beckham was not performing as best as he should. Hence arguments had arisen in numbers of occasion. Third reason: Pepsi and Adidas played a big role in forcing David Beckham to move to Real Madrid. For Pepsi, it would be more profitable for them to have David Beckham to play in Real Madrid because Real Madrid has three other players that have sponsorship deals with Pepsi. But the biggest influence came from Adidas, which is the main sponsor to David Beckham. Manchester Untied is sponsored by Nike, Adidas biggest competition in the industry and Real Madrid is sponsored by Adidas, so it would be so much better for Adidas to have David Beckham to play in Real Madrid instead of Manchester United. Fourth reason: Manchester United needs more young players in their squad, while the average age of their rosters has reach 30 years old, Manchester United needs to find another potential young player to maintain their reputation, the sale of David Beckham would bring the necessary capital for the investment. Real Madrid Real Madrid is a very successful club with champion’s reputation at their back, their starting lineup is filled with star players, hence their advantage was also their biggest weakness. With many star players in their team, Real Madrid has a high fixed cost in their operation, but most of their star players are not very commercial. Majority of the players are just big names within the industry or in the European market. Real didn’t have any network in the Asian and North American market at the time. With football to be the number one sport in Asia, Real Madrid was missing majority of the action. As a result in 2002/03 season, Real Madrid only spotted themselves the 8th on the list of the richest club in the world. Real Madrid needed to find a player who would pioneer their marketing strategy to the whole world. They are not only looking for someone who can bring sponsors to their stadium, and not just a poster boy for the campaign, but also has the skills to show in the field. This is the ultimate reason why Real Madrid was very determined to get Beckham. The effects of David Beckham to Real Madrid Real Madrid's revenue from club merchandise, such as shirts, jumped 67 per cent in Beckham's first season alone, and climbed another 6. 5 per cent in the year to June. Overall commercial income, which includes money from deals with the likes of Siemens, Adidas and Pepsi, which have all grown in value with the â€Å"Beckham effect†, now stands at around ? 80m a year. Real Madrid also earned ? 48m (26 per cent of turnover) from match-day income (primarily ticket sales), ? 44m (24 per cent) from television, and ? 6m (8 per cent) from promotional activities such as lucrative overseas tours and friendliness, which have also become better earners because of David Beckham. And whereas Real Madrid's annual wage bill (? 98m) now equates to 52 per cent of turnover, and is falling towards an expected ratio of 47 per cent next year. With the financial improvement, Real Madrid is now the richest club in the world, beating Manchester United who wo n the title 8th consecutive years. 2005 Football clubs revenue ranks[1]: 1 Real Madrid (Spain) $330 million Manchester United was No. 1 when it had David Beckham. Now Real Madrid has him and became No. 1. 2 Manchester United (England) $295 million Slips out of the top spot for the first time in the nine-year history of the rankings. 3 AC Milan (Italy) $280 million Nearly 60 percent, or $165 million, of its revenue is from broadcasting – more than anyone else. 4 Juventus (Italy) $274 million Averages only 26,600 fans but moves up from No. 5 last year thanks to a lucrative TV contract. 5 Chelsea (England) $264 million Its otherworldly payroll makes it No. in annual net losses, which reportedly were $244 million. Evaluating the transfer [pic] In determining the justification for the transfer, we use the analytical theory to prove that even though Real Madrid paid a large sum of transfer fee and obligated to pay a high salary to David Beckham, the acquisition would profit Real Madrid more because the larger market size that David Beckham can open for Real Madrid. To make the calculation to be accurate as possible, we had made some assumptions for the numbers used in the calculation. Reader should keep in mind that because Real Madrid is a private organization, it is very hard to find the actual data about their current and past financial statements. Nevertheless, we did our best to present the numbers as it would present the actual case scenario. Fixed cost (K), because we do not have the actual numbers for the fixed operation cost from Real Madrid, we use the assumption that fixed cost would be equal to the salary of the players. We know that there are other things that contribute to the clubs fixed cost but for the sake of the formulation we are ignoring that. The fixed cost increased from $98 million to approximately $117 million because of David Beckham. Discount rate (R), according to our research, the closest number that we found for the discount rate during that time in Spain, was the checking account interest rate, provided by the banks in Spain. Hence we use this number as our discount rate. Term of project (T), David Beckham was 28 years old when Real Madrid bought him from Manchester United, using the assumptions that most football players can play until the age of 34 years old, we use the length of project to be 6 years. Uncertainty rate (sigma), if Real Madrid did not buy David Beckham, they would have an uncertainty rate of 50%, that is they either succeed or not. With David Beckham on their squad, they have bigger uncertainty because they have to add the possibility that will David Beckham can work together with his teammates and produce something positive for the team or will he have some problems in adjusting to the new Spanish strategy. From the marketing strategy, they would also be concern that if David Beckham’s fans would still like him in Real Madrid jersey. The value of product (S), we used the assumption that major football clubs would want to have a success in both the domestic and international competition but as an organization major football clubs also want to bring profit for their business. Because of these factors we concluded that the value of S should be 2 instead of 1. Market size, we use the assumption that Real Madrid previous market size which is the European market to be 100 and the new potential market involving the Asian and North American market would be 145. The 45% increase due to that in North America, football is not that popular, North American people would prefer to watch and buy basketball, American football, baseball or hockey. For the Asian market, the increase of market size would come from people that buy the merchandise, there is a little chance that they would come to the actual game. Analysis & Conclusion From the calculation, it proved that bringing David Beckham to Real Madrid squad was a positive move. The transfer has solved Real Madrid’s problem of having high fixed cost and low returns. David Beckham has managed to open the Asian and North American market for Real Madrid to expand, hence now Real Madrid with high fixed cost on their organization can work and do business more efficiently in larger market size environment. With the emerging of internet and globalization, major sports clubs have tried to improve their business strategy by purchasing international players that can open more potentials market for their business. Another example besides David Beckham is the Chinese International Basketball Player, Yao Ming. Yao Ming was purchased by the Houston Rockets Basketball Club in US. With the help of Yao Ming, NBA (National Basketball Association of America) and Houston Rockets have managed to gain substantial market in the Asia. NBA opened merchandise stores all over Asia and has extradition match between American Basketball Club and the Chinese Basketball Clubs. Their website subscriber, www. NBA. com, has increase significantly during the past 2 years. With major website subscriber coming from the Asian market, it is only for certain that the expansion program will continue with other Asian basketball players coming to the NBA. In baseball, The Seattle Mariners imitated the strategy by purchasing a Japanese National Baseball player, Ichiro. Ichiro is now a market symbol for the major league of baseball, tourist flow from Japan has increased significantly to Seattle. American baseball has gain more popularity because of Ichiro. Ichiro merchandise is one of the top selling merchandise in the league. The main reason for this trend among major sport clubs is the revenue coming from the selling of merchandise and television broadcast license. With the improve technology and internet, fans in other parts of the world can watch their favorite player and club match through website and live television broadcast. The distance and time factors have been eliminated by the technology, hence potential customer is closer in today time. Another factor for the trend is the sponsorship revenue coming from companies that want to put their brand on the team’s jersey. With sponsoring a sport club, major companies can make brand recognition by associating their brand to a specific sport clubs or players. The better the clubs perform, the better publication that the sponsor company will achieve. The last reason is the revenue coming from exhibition games. An exhibition game is when a sport clubs have a friendly match with other sport club from different country. Higher fee has to be paid to attract famous clubs to come to do exhibition match. Today sport industry is not just about winning a game but also about how much money the games will generate for the clubs, the revenue and reputation are the two main factors that influence the livelihood of a sport club. The higher the fixed cost, the more necessary for club to find a player that can open bigger potential market. REFERENCES Chen, J. 2005. The Physical Foundation of Economics: An Analytical Thermodynamic Theory. World Scientific, Singapore. http://www. manutd. com/splashPages/red. sps? itype=5787=17492=1 http://www. realmadrid. com/articulo/rma25156. htm http://news. bbc. co. uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/2965336. stm http://news. bbc. co. uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/2980958. stm http://www. timesonline. co. k/article/0,,2093-1268730_1,00. html http://www. beckhamwatch. com/beckham. html http://www. theage. com. au/articles/2004/10/05/1096941603889. html? from=storylhs http://www. smh. com. au/articles/2004/10/05/1096871855592. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/David_Beckham http://knowledge. wharton. upenn. edu/index. cfm? fa=viewfeature=829 http://soccernet. espn. go. com/news/story? id=335692=4716 http://www. davidbeckham. ws/bio. php http://www. int. iol. co. z a/index. php? click_id=4=qw1054905484476S163=6 http://breakingnews. iol. e/sport/iestory. asp? j=534839791980=53483979z57x=534839792669t=soccer http://www. int. iol. co. za/? click_id=4=qw1056027062207B216=6 http://www. hindustantimes. com/news/7242_1246466,00180009. htm http://www. manutd. com/newquadrant/home. sps? itype=9189=1257 http://www. rediff. com/sports/2006/feb/16real. htm ———————– [1] Source: http://www. deloitte. com/dtt/section_node/0%2C1042%2Csid%25253D70402%2C00. html, ? Z ? ? ‘ ’ oeo? O? EAEA â€Å"? †¹? †¡ †¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¡{†¡? †¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¡? †¡? †¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¹wo†¹g? jDeloitte Football Money League 2006.

Man or Brute Essay

The Analysis of the Monster of Frankenstein: Man or Brute What is the difference between man and beast? The answer to that question is as grey as the gloomy clouds that constantly hang over Dr. Frankenstein’s head. Mary Shelley’s characters Dr. Frankenstein and his monster from her novel Frankenstein blur the lines between civilized and animalistic. Before chapter ten the monster is an ominous character, only being seen a few times. The true disposition of the character has yet to be established. Through the setting of the passage, and rhetorical questioning Mary Shelley builds on the motif of redemption and using invectives is able to build layers of depth and complexity of the character. Shelley characterizes the monster as isolated, self pitying, vulnerable, and aggressive. Mary Shelley uses the dismal and frigid setting of chapter ten to indirectly characterize the monster as isolated and cut off. During the paragraphs preceding the meeting of the monster and Dr. Frankenstein, he orates the scene in great detail, saying that â€Å"A mist covered the surrounding mountains. Presently a breeze dissipated the clouds, and I descended upon the glacier† (Shelley 80). The description generates an icy and desolate ambiance surrounding the setting right before the entrance of the monster. By introducing the monster into a dismal and frigid atmosphere Shelley deepens the layers of the monster’s character by creating an indirect link between him and the setting. The setting is elaborated when the monster himself describes his habitat by saying, â€Å"dreary glaciers are my refuge† and â€Å"These bleak skies I hail, for they are kinder to me than your fellow-beings† (82). Shelley repeatedly uses the word â€Å"glacier,† first when Frankenstein describes the scene and again when the monster describes them as his â€Å"refuge†. The word glacial, which means of ice, or icy,   builds the foundation to make the connection between glacial and the synonym frigid. Also, the utilization of words such as â€Å"dreary† and â€Å"bleak†, which are synonyms with dismal, reinforcing the fact that the monster, himself feels more secure in the remote and abyss like caves than in civilization. Therefore, he is an isolated creature cut off from the human world, which leads to the formation of feelings of indignation towards humans and his self pitying nature. Through the use of rhetorical questioning Shelley expresses the monster’s feelings of indignation, inducing the characterization of his self pitying nature. Feeling wronged by humans, especially his creator, the monster eludes to his distress through questions such as, â€Å"Have I not suffered enough that you seek to increase my misery? (81). The monster uses phrases like this in the effort to make Dr. Frankenstein aware of the pain he has inflicted. However, Dr. Frankenstein is not remorseful for his actions, so again the monster floods Frankenstein with statements such as, â€Å"am I not alone, miserably alone? You my creator abhor me† (82). The â€Å"misery† that the monster refers to is the neglect and rejection that he feels from his creator, which in return fuels his hatred towards humans, and his feelings of sadness for himself. The repetitive use of the polarizing structure of â€Å"I† verses â€Å"You† shows the monster’s tendency to blame Dr. Frankenstein for all his misery in order to feel the gratification of his self pitying actions. In the eyes of the monster the only way to justify the matter is   for Frankenstein to accept him. The motif of redemption is prevalent throughout out the passage as the monster pleads for it, which characterizes him as vulnerable. The monster beseeches Frankenstein for redemption and acceptance by saying â€Å"I am thy creature†¦ Remember that I am thy creature;   I ought to be thy Adam† (81). In the simile of the monster and Adam, the monster hints at the fact that he has sinned, and yearns for compassion and redemption from his creator. Like Adam in the biblical story when he sinned and ate from the tree of knowledge he became aware of his nakedness. In the context of the monster the nakedness represents vulnerability. The comparison of Adam and the monster is used by Shelley to bring humanistic characteristics to the monster by hinting at his corruption and vulnerability. On multiple occasions the monster says â€Å"I entreat you to hear me† (81) and â€Å"How can I move thee? † and again saying â€Å"Listen to my tale† (82). At least three separate times the monster pleads for a chance. By asking for redemption the monster puts himself at the mercy of Dr. Frankenstein, making himself emotionally vulnerable. The layers of the monster are built by having constant contrast between the monster emotional vulnerability and physically dominance. Mary Shelley contrasts the monsters emotional vulnerability with physical aggressiveness; shown through short invective outbursts. After seeing that Frankenstein was unmoved by his plea the monster resorts to contemplating physical retaliation. The invectives, short intense emotional verbal attacks, can also be described as verbal threats. For example the monster says, â€Å"Do your duty towards me, and I will do mine towards you and the rest of mankind†¦but if you refuse, I will glut the maw of death, until it be satiated with the blood of your remaining friends† (81). The graphic threats towards Frankenstein help to characterize the monster as aggressive. Not only does the monster threaten Frankenstein’s friends he threatens all humans saying â€Å"deliver them from the evil†¦ Not only you and your family, but thousands of others, shall be swallowed up in the whirlwinds of its rage† (82). As the passage goes on the threats become darker and more horrific contemplations, resemble   more animalistic than civilized thoughts. Shelley clouds the line of reason on whether or not the monster is human or beast. Mary Shelley is able to create an antagonist with such depth, by using the setting to indirectly characterize the monster as isolated and cutoff. She comments on the natural need for acceptance and how when this is not met, it leads to the formation of emotional vulnerability. Shelley adds complexity to the monster by exploring the cause and effect relationship between the lack of acceptance of his creator and his constant need for Dr. Frankenstein’s affirmation. The aggressive tendencies shown in the text through invectives as threats, also hints at the monster’s animal like origins. This passage is essential to the understanding of the monster, because it offers immeasurable insight to the minds and mannerisms of the characters. The lines that separate human from brute become blurred and the criteria for being a man are questioned. Work Cited Shelley, Mary. â€Å"Chapter 10. † Frankenstein. New York: Penguin Group, 2000. 78-83. Print.

In the 17th century, New England Puritans tried to create a essays

In the 17th century, New England Puritans tried to create a essays During the seventeenth century, Puritans came to American looking for hope, freedom, wealth and happiness. Many found it, but many missed the boat. As many as 6,500 to 8,000 people annually left, as 25,000 to 30,000 left during the first three decades of the century. Most traveled as young, unmarried servants. Puritans were very much trying to create a world of their own that they could manage, control, take over, and look over as a whole. When they came to settle, they had to decide quickly what they wanted in life and how they were going to achieve their goal. You had to take into consideration of where your most pure land was, where there was open land, where the many Indian tribes were, and where the weather would affect your growth as a planter. Puritans came to America wanting to spread their own religion as a way that everyone would be under and no problems would or could occur. Most puritans went under the religion of Calvinism as many were often religious bigots because they discriminated against the Indians and only accepted the kind that didnt like Quakers. By the end of the seventeenth century, Parliament was much in progress for making rules and regulations for others to follow. The Puritans wanted to wipe Indians out and become leaders of the New World of America. They soon came across the beauty of laborers and products that would bring them riches such as cotton and tobacco. Chesapeake freemen traveled to the New World as indentured servants and by sheer good fortune, managed to remain alive to the end of their contracts. Most of them who had dreamed of becoming great planters, were quickly disappointed. Most did not take into consideration of weather, products, trading and planting when trying to start their own business to become wealthy as others. As they moved on in their lives, they ran across problems such as those and were relieved to find themselves out of work and poor. ...

Spelling Isnt Magic

Spelling Isnt Magic Spelling Isn’t Magic Spelling Isn’t Magic By Mark Nichol Perhaps no aspect of written language engenders more consternation or trepidation than spelling. There’s even supposedly a clinical term for the fear of misspelling words: ortographobia. (Wait isn’t that spelled wrong?) Unless you were a spelling-bee champion and perhaps in spite of that distinction you might at least occasionally become flustered at the prospect of having to write a word without the confidence that you’ve spelled it correctly. And it’s probably caused you some embarrassment, or at least a pang of self-consciousness: Many poor spellers think they’re less intelligent than spelling whizzes. (That word can be spelled â€Å"wiz,† too; it’s actually a variant of the abridgement of â€Å"wizard.†) Get over it. Spelling skills aren’t highly correlated with intelligence level, and good spellers seem to be born, not made; taking all the spelling tests in the world isn’t likely to place you among those who write without fear of misspelling. And consider these two significant obstacles to orthographical optimization: First, the English language, more than any other, is replete with confusing, counterintuitive, and contradictory spelling rules. Second, spelling by example is increasingly fraught with peril, given the sad decline in care taken in editing books and newspapers (although magazines seem to remain immune to such deterioration in standards) and the preponderance of poor writing on Web sites and in email, chat and texting environments. So, if you’re a poor speller, and you’re up against a native tongue that defies logic and a world in which good writing seems to no longer be highly valued, what do you do? Relax. You have several allies: The dictionary: You could look it up. If I had a dollar for every spelling question I’ve seen in comments on Web sites about writing and editing, I could buy each of the inquirers a pocket dictionary. (Or, better yet, send them a link to www.m-w.com and pocket the cash.) Complication: Neologisms, assuming they survive faddishness to take their place in the lexicon, are years away from inclusion in the next edition. And where do you open a dictionary to if you don’t know the first letter of the word? Also, various dictionaries may differ in preferred spellings. These are minor points, though. Let the dictionary be your friend. Spell-checking programs: Your word-processing program’s built-in schoolmarm will come to your rescue, and you don’t even have to bring it an apple. Complication: Sometimes it’s wrong. Again, this is a petty quibble. Common sense: â€Å"Born,† or â€Å"borne†? (Originating from, or carried by?) â€Å"Affect,† or â€Å"effect†? (To impact or to fake, or to create an impression or influence a result?) â€Å"Ensure,† â€Å"insure, † or â€Å"assure†? (To guarantee, to take precautions, or to convince?) Complication: Common sense sometimes isn’t all that common. And variant meanings can overlap among more than one similar word (as with the â€Å"-sure† words). Finally, this class of words homophones and near homophones constitutes only a fraction of the troublesome words in our language. Ultimately, though, the best defense against the offense of misspelling is to be a stringent scribe: When you review your writing (you do review your writing, don’t you?), assume that it is a capital offense to misspell a word, and act accordingly. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?Confusing "Passed" with "Past"How Do You Pronounce "Mozart"?

How redefining the term "mistress" can illuminate other Essay

How redefining the term "mistress" can illuminate other confusing aspects of the poem "Sonnet 130", and potentially also, provide evidence about the poet's unknown identity - Essay Example However, the author has not specified this; his use of the term is ambiguous. The word mistress has three identified meanings. The word can be used in reference to a woman that has an ongoing- extra marital relationship, in many cases, with a man that is married. The second meaning of the term is as a prefix to the title that is bestowed upon a married woman – MRS. Lastly, it is used to refer to a woman who holds a position of authority or who exercises control over something or someone. This paper’s focal point is to establish how various statements within the poem could be more sensible should be it taken to mean that his intention for using the word mistress was in the latter regard. From the language used, the author refers to someone that he did not fancy to be in relationship with. The line, â€Å"And in some perfumes there is more delight than in the breath that from my mistress reeks (Shakespeare "Sonnet 130", 7-8),† is the best illustration of this. Had Shakespeare, been referring to a lover, his description would not have been as blunt. This could be the true quality of a lover, due to the romantic regard lovers hold to each other; one is more likely to withhold this kind of information. Furthermore, lovers rarely concentrate on the negative attributes that their counterparts have, but rather chose to focus on the positive. Therefore, this disqualifies the notion that the author could have been using the word to refer to a person that he had for a romantic relationship. If one is in a romantic relationship, they are usually very fond of their counterpart. Therefore, they speak of them only in the most alluring and appealing fashion. However, from the poem, the author appears afraid of the person that they are referring. â€Å"My mistresses eyes are nothing like the Sun (Shakespeare "Sonnet 130", 1).† the statement itself illustrates that the author does not feel fond of the person in question. He does not feel

Managed health care future for the disabled and poor Essay

Managed health care future for the disabled and poor - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper is managed health care as delivering health care in an integrated system and in an organized manner. The main goals of managed health care are to enhance the clinical quality of the medical services, to enhance the client and social service element of health care, and to minimize the costs of distributing quality health care. Managed care is a structured approach to purchasing and getting the right service for a particular health need. Health maintenance organizations (HMOs), preferred provider organizations (PPOs), and physician hospital organizations (PHOs) are forms of managed care. Managed care and in particular, the health maintenance organizations became popular as a way of enhancing care and minimizing unnecessary services. However, towards the end of 1990s, the consumer backlash resulted in the abandonment of the firmly controlled care management systems. Quality is â€Å"now the watchword for 21st century healthcare as the institutions and individuals who pay for services begin to focus on what they are getting for their money†. In other words, individuals demand for quality health care because they are paying for it. There is still no consensus as to who should be accountable for the provision and financing of the health care services in the United States. This has resulted in a patchwork system in which the individuals, employers, and the government all assist in covering up the expenses. For a while, the government has assumed the mandate of providing health insurance to particular deserving populations (such as some poor people, children, disabled, and other older persons) but it has generally shunned financing care for the working adults (Earp, French, and Gilkey, 2008). Instead, majority of the working adults get insurance either through buying coverage on their own or through their employers, or they go without the cover. It is important to note that there is no single unifying system offering the system s. The health services are offered directly by private providers, organizations supported by state or federal funding, and governmental organizations (like the public health). Health care services are provided by both not-for-profit and for-profit organizations (Earp, French, and Gilkey, 2008). Managed care imposes quality measurement, accountability, controls, and organization in the delivery of health care to attain the buyer’s aims for access to cost of care, effectiveness of care, care, and quality of care. The introduction and growth of managed care strategies have influenced the general health care organization. They have begun to alter the delivery of publicly and privately health care (National Research Council, 1997). Provider Contracting The aim of a managed care organization is to offer or organize for the health care services provision. Majority of the managed care organizations like the preferred provider organizations (PPOs) and the health maintenance organizati ons (HMOs) offer their services through agreements with medical groups, individual physicians, hospitals, individual practice associations (IPAs) and other kinds of health care facilities and

Berkeley provides (at least) two objections to Lockes Essay

Berkeley provides (at least) two objections to Lockes - Essay Example In his second Principle, Berkeley claims that objects must be perceived in order to exist, â€Å"for the existence of an idea consists in being perceived† (Berkeley 461). He bases this premise on the evidence that thoughts, passions and imaginative ideas cannot exist without a mind capable of perceiving them. â€Å"And (to me) it seems no less evident that the various sensations or ideas imprinted on the sense, however blended or combined together (that is, whatever objects they compose), cannot exist otherwise than in a mind perceiving them† (471). This goes directly against Locke’s concept of primary properties which are described as properties of an object that are true regardless of who perceives them or even whether they are perceived. Examples of primary properties include the object’s solidity, its figure, its relative motion to its surroundings and its quantity. In the example of a table, primary properties might include its hard surface and open a rea between the legs, its flat surface and height from the ground, its motionless status within the room and its singular status as an object. While Locke says that these things exist whether or not anyone perceives them, Berkeley suggests that none of these elements of the object can be true without someone first perceiving that they’re true. In this, he essentially applies Locke’s concepts of secondary properties to the entire object, eliminating primary properties. â€Å"In truth, the object and the sensation are the same thing and cannot therefore be abstracted from each other† (471). Another area in which Berkeley disagrees with Locke is in the characterization of our understanding. Locke indicates that our perceptions and experiences of the world are learned and shaped by our experiences of innate things that exist in the material world independently of perception while Berkeley

Contemporary issues on NHS

Contemporary issues on NHS A policy is typically defined as a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. It is not used normally what is actually done, it is normally referred to as either procedure or protocol. A policy will contain what and the why procedures. A policy can be considered as a statement of intent. Policy may apply to generalized private sector organization and groups and individuals. In another way policy can be defined as a collection of different ideas and methods which is used for the improvement in any field including health care and the other hand, health policy is a practical device or advantageous procedure and positive course of action. Social Policy is a subject area, not a discipline; it borrows from other social science disciplines in order to develop study in the area. The contributory disciplines include sociology, social work, psychology, economics, political science, management, history, philosophy and law. The name social policy is used to apply 1) that policies which are used by the government use for welfare and social protection, 2) to the ways in which welfare is developed in a society and to the academic study of the subject. In the first sense, social policy is particularly concerned with social services and the welfare state. Improvements to social policy are a key element of development and the achievement of human rights. Many social policies are addressed by the third committee of the UN general assembly. Health policy can be defined as the decision, plans and action that are undertaken to achieve specific health care goals within the society. According to the World Health Organization, health policy can achieve several things. It defines the vision of the future. We can define the different categories of the health policies, eg pharmaceutical policy, public health and personal health care policy, tobacco control policy. Before 1990 there was a good collaboration of health and social care policy. Contemporary issues on NHS National Health Services is the United Kingdom health services organization. The short form of National Health Services is NHS. It was stabilised in 1948. It was grown the worlds largest publicly funded services. It is also known as a most efficient, most comprehensive and egalitarian. In the Second World War and difficult scenario NHS was established. The principle of NHS always remains in the core. It was born for good health care and should be available to all. The NHS is the free services for anyone who is resident of the United Kingdom. The NHS only charges some prescription and optical and dental services. NHS is giving the free services more than 60 million people. It covers everything such as antenatal screening routine treatment for coughs and colds to open heart surgery, accident and emergency treatment and it also covers the end of life care. Mainly it is funded from taxation. In United Kingdom they have separate management in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland; in many respects they are similar. Despite their separate management and funding there is no any discrimination when a resident of one country of the United Kingdom requires treatment in another although a patient will often be returned to their home area when they are fit to be removed? It is the huge organization. In this organization have more than 1.7 million employees and half of them are clinically qualified, including 120000 hospitals doctors 400000 nurses 40000 GPs practises and 25000 ambulance staff. The NHS of the England is the biggest part of the system It is caring more than 51 million people and employing 1.3 million people. The number of patients using the NHS is large. Every 36 hours it is dealing a million in the England, in Scotland 463 in minute and more than 700000 people will visit on NHS dentist and 3000 heart operation, here are 10000 GPs in nationwide. Each GPs look more than 140 patient in a week. NHS is spending big amount of money. When the NHS established the starting budget of the NHS is 9 billion and now the budget of the NHS is 100 billion in year which is increasing by 4% every year. It is spending 60% of the budget to pay the staff, and 20% for the drug suppliers and remaining 20% is spending for the equipment and training costs. 80% of the total cost is distributed by the local trusts. HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE BILL: TO REFORM THE NHS FROM WHITE PAPER LIBERATING THE NHS We know that the health is wealth. In any country of the world health is the backbone of the country and the main important is government funded health organization. If any policy is taken related to the health it affects the outcomes of the services. In the United Kingdom NHS is only one and which cover the almost 100% of the services. Now the government took a new policy for NHS Which is liberating the NHS. The Health and Social Care Bill was introduced into Parliament on 19 January 2011. The Bill is a crucial part of the Governments vision to modernise the NHS so that it is built around patients, led by health professionals and focused on delivering world-class healthcare outcomes. The Bill takes forward the areas of Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS (July 2010) and the subsequent Government response Liberating the NHS: legislative framework and next steps (December 2010), which require primary legislation. It also includes provision to strengthen public health services and reform the Departments arms length bodies. The Bill on health and social care 2011 contains provisions covering five themes: It is strengthening commissioning of NHS services It is increasing public voice and democratic accountability. liberating provision of NHS services strengthening public health services Reforming health and care arms-length bodies. Structure of NHS Department of health Strategic health authorities Primary care trusts GPs Dentists Hospitals Patients The Department of Health (DH) is in overall charge of the NHS with cabinet minister reporting as secretary of state for health to the minister. The 10 Strategic Health Authorities (SHAs) are under the department of health which oversee all activities of NHS IN England. The strategic supervision of NHS is controlled by each SHA in its area. The NHS services of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland runs separately by the developed administrations. Primary care trusts are divided into primary care and secondary care. Primary care is the front line services. GPs, Dentists are primary care where people contacts first time. Secondary care can be defined as a acute health care and can be either elective or emergency care. Primary care is the centre of the NHS and they cover and control 80% of the NHS budget. These are the local organizations so they know the needs of community and they can make sure the organizations providing health and social care services are working effectively. The PCTs oversee 1800 NHS dentist and 29000 GP. Here are 175 acute NHS trusts and 60 mental health trusts which control the 1600 NHS hospitals and specialists care centres.NHS ambulance trusts provides the emergency ambulance services, in UK there are 11 ambulance trusts. The NHS structure shown below which will be happened after reforming, Independent board 250 + GP consortiums GPs Dentist specialist service Hospitals, community services, mental unit intensive core Patients After reforming the NHS structure there would be the change in the management not in the whole system of the NHS, but changing the management system it directly affect the top to bottom shake of the NHS. which will directly affect the model of care of the NHS. Reasons of reforming the NHS NHS is the great national institution. The main principle of the NHS when it was founded is free at the point of use and available to every one based on need and it is not focused for ability to pay. Most of us believe it can be so much better for both the patient and professionals. So that the government took the bold vision for the NHS future, which is equity and excellence. According to the different surveys and analysis NHS of the United Kingdom is world class. It is giving the facility without cost and it is also employing more than 1.6 million people which mean it is giving a good services. According to the Health secretary Andrew Lansley says that NHS is the world class in some respects but it is not good enough in some areas eg ; rate of mortality, United Kingdom is the 2nd largest mortality rate among the 24 richest country in the world and rates of mortality for some respiratory diseases and the stroke has been the worst in the developed world. Now the NHS has too much bure aucracy, after reforming NHS would be more accountable to the patients and all the staff will free from excessive bureaucracy. In the structure of the NHS there are 10 strategic health authorities, 175 NHS trusts and 60 mental health trusts. After reforming It will increases spending on real terms of the health not in managing. Department of the health says NHS has further to go on managing care more effectively and international evidence prove it. The changes of NHS are The main changes are fundamental changes to structure and the operation which changes the social economic and managerial changes. The main structure of changes is a Englands 175 or so primary care trusts will be wound up in 2013 and their work, commissioning healthcare will pass to groups of GPs called general practise commissioning consortiums (GPCCs). Every GPCCs which will have existing practises will have own budget. The constriums will collect the  £ 80 billion from the total budget of NHS and GPCCs are agreed to contacts with hospital and other. More than 200 GPCCs have been set up. The outcomes or changes will be taken by keeping the patient on the heart of the NHS. The patients will have more choices and control by the easy access of the GPs and hospitals. Patient will have the right of decision making about their treatment and care. It will be focused in clinical outcomes. Success will be measured by the bureaucratic process targets, but the against results that really mat ter to patients such as improving cancer and stroke survival rates. The capacity will be increases or will empower the professionals. Doctor and nurse will have right of professional judgement about the patient treatment. This thing will be supported by controlling the front line staff. If patient want they will have the access information, they can make choices. Patient will have the right of choosing the GP practise, consultant led-team and any provider. Hospitals will require to open their mistake, if something wrong patient must know it. The patient voice will strengthen by local authorities. The targets will be removed with no clinical justification. The quality standard of NICE will inform the commissioning of all NHS care and payment system. The drug companies will be paid by the value of their new medicines, follow of money will be transparent, comprehensive and stable payment system across the NHS to promote high quality care, drive efficiency and support patient choices. T he service provider will get the money according to their services performance, payment should reflect outcome not just activity and provider an incentive for better quality. The NHS fundamental structure is controlled by the department of health, after reforming there would be one independent and accountable NHS commissioning board, and NHS will be the under control of this commissioning board. This board will allocate the NHS resources lead on the achievement of health outcomes. This board will promote and improves the patient involvement and choices. Another duty of this board will promotes equality and tackle inequalities. Day by day the minister power will be limited for the decision of NHS. The changes will be shaking top to bottom of NHS structure. Benefits of NHS reforms It is the big institution of health. After reforming there should be some changes with the facility of the NHS. GPs could more than double their income to  £ 300000 per year this is the direct impact of the NHS reforms. It also cuts the bureaucracy. NHS foundation trusts are given significantly greater financial freedom and power. It increases the quality of primary medical services. Now the NHS budget is increasing 4% per year after reforming it will increase just 0.1% per year. Model of care Model of care is directly impact to the patients and it affects the whole output of the organization. I have already described the model of care in changes of NHS. when the people born in the world at first he is known only male and female at that time there is no any discrimination like that way United Kingdom National Health Service believes in the universality. In NHS there is no any discrimination for the treatment of the patient, it is only believe for the medical requirement, it doesnt separate the richest and poorest of the people. It gives the treatment free of the cost. If the people of the different country which have more than 1 year resident permit he is also can take the benefit of the NHS. While starting the NHS at that time people have no right of choices, but now a days they have right of taking decision of their care. Day by day patients are increasing and also the NHS also increasing employees which gives the good services for the patient which is the positive point of the model of care. We know that NHS is employing the large number of employees. Now a day United Kingdom government is focusing the reforms of the NHS, many arguments were taken about the patient of care; I thought its better to describe the different arguments here. British Medical Association is the leading association of the medical staff in the UK, but the British Medical Association said against the reforms of the NHS. According to the BMA: more than 150 organizations and 80 percent budget of the NHS will go to the GPs hand. Financially and managerial power is given to GPs which increases the bureaucracy. This proposal is unmanaged damaging and unjustified. This damages the patients care. There are different surveys says after reforming its affect a patient care. According to the Unison after the cutting of the staff its directly increase the workload for the nurses and doctor and other staff. The survey said that 88% think that during first year of the coalition government their workload has increased, and 65% said that rise of hitting patient care and saf ety. Around 67% of nurses said that increasing the workload direct impact on their health, and 69% said their job is not suitable or bad for family life. This will direct affect the model of care. Beside these arguments I thought that after reforming the NHS the model of care would be better. Equality and excellence liberating of the NHS Says patient are always in the core and after reforming patient will have many choices, they will have their decision for owns care, and they can tell no decision without me, which is not in the todays model of care. Managerial cost will be saved which will be used to empower the technical and professional things, these things increases the model of care better. Conclusion Health is the backbone of the any country without healthy people country cannot be developed. Health and social care policy is directly related to the health of the people. So that government should think about how to take the policy, policy should not be taken without justification. I have already mentioned that policy is the key role of the development. Now the Government took the new policy about the National Health Services (NHS). in the history of the NHS government took many policies related to the health but this policy would be the biggest policy which will change the fundamental or it will shake the top to bottom of the NHS. in my opinion government should take the policy step by step not like big shake up. The implementation of this policy is very costly. British Medical Association already rejects this policy and many people are against of this. Health and social care policy and model of care are interrelated; this means how the patient will be treated, if the policy is fa iled then what would be the condition of the country. This policy cuts the thousands of jobs which will increase the unemployment, this policy increase the price competition allowing hospitals to undercut one another to attract patients, poses a risk to standard of care. some surveys said doctor will be the account after implementing this policy. Health is wealth This is the universal truth so that government should not play the life of the people. According to health secretary Andrew lansley this policy equity and excellence liberating NHS will make the NHS bright future.

Analysis of a Horses by Edwin Muir Essay -- English Literature

Analysis of a poem- Horses by Edwin Muir It is said that one should forget the past and live in the present It is said that one should forget the past and live in the present. However, Edwin Muir’s ‘Horses’ is a poem of past memories only. The interesting part is that it deals with many conflicts and issues which are prevalent even today. It is thus a bridge between the past and present and is expressed in the form of a piece of literature. Muir himself said that in writing about horses in this poem, he was reflecting his childhood view of his father’s plough horses, which must have seemed huge, powerful and mysterious to a boy of four or five. Some of his poems, including ‘Horses’, have a close equivalent in passages from his autobiography, suggesting that seeing these horses reminded him of certain events. The poem begins with the poet transcending reality and reminiscing of one of his childhood memories. In this case it is one of when he as a child, watched a team of horses ploughing the stubble back into the field, during a rainy day which got progressively stormier. In the first two verses, the poet gives the reader a meaningful hint into what the circumstances of his times were. This was most probably, the hardships of a period of war. The few references Muir makes to an army such as in cases where the horses â€Å"marched† and the word â€Å"conquering† further strengthen this issue of war. â€Å"Their hooves like pistons in an ancient mill† This line brings up another issue which is plaguing the third world as we know it. In the same verse he refers to a â€Å"childish hour† in which he also compares the horses’ hooves to pistons in an ancient mill. This refers to how child labour in factories was existent e... ...hose memories back when he says â€Å"I must pine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  hoping, in my perspective, to change the past. Muir now seems to be in a state of possible turmoil and confusion. At one point, he refers to these memories as â€Å"dreadful and fearful† while in the same verse he calls them â€Å"bright.† Ultimately however, it seems that the past has been greater than the present; at least it still has an overwhelming effect on the poet’s mind. It is said â€Å"When you are thrown from the horse, the best thing you can do is to get back on as soon as possible†. Returning to the ‘scene of crime’ can help resolve issues and this is exactly what Muir is doing through the course of the poem. The closing paragraph of the poem is very powerful in how it expresses his mixed feelings towards the Horses. Through these animals, he has given light to different issues that disturbed him as a child.

Application of ICT in Classrooms in Rural Area

This survey aims at placing the jobs faced by school in Jada local Government Area ( LGA ) . The quality of instruction in schools in the rural country is less compared to the quality of instruction in the urban centres. A study and an interview were conducted in order to, place what the jobs are. From the consequences, the undermentioned jobs were identified ; deficiency of substructure, low quality of instruction, unqualified instructors and deficiency of financess to keep the school. As consequences of these jobs the pupils in such schools are neglecting there external scrutinies therefore they do n't acquire admittances into universities conveying a halt to their instruction. This paper suggests the execution of information and communicating engineering ( ICT ) to work out the jobs faced by the School in Jada with the aid of the authorities and private organisations. Introduction Education is a really of import facet in the development of a state. An educated person can carry through so much for himself and his state. Education empowers people to follow their dreams, to do alterations in their lives and the lives of others. In an article published in Onlinenigeria the missionaries foremost introduced instruction to Nigeria in the fiftiess. The first instruction section established was in the southern Nigeria in the twelvemonth 1887 ( Education, 2010 ) . Ibadin a professor in University of Benin mentioned that â€Å" between 1960 and 1998, primary and secondary school registration increased from 2,912,619 to 17,942,000 or 516 per centum rate addition † ( 2010, p.87 ) . This shows the fast turning figure of educational institutes in Nigeria. Both rural and urban countries have turning Numberss of educational institute. Despite the addition, the educational position in rural countries is much less compared to that in urban centres, it is just to state tha t instruction in rural countries have non yet run into the needed educational criterion. For illustration, the quality of instruction in urban topographic points like Jimeta in Adamawa province is more than that of rural topographic points like Jada Local Government Area. The public presentation of school in Nigeria is measured by how good they do in external scrutinies. Schools in Jimeta are executing much more than schools in Jada. The schools in the rural countries have unqualified instructors. Furthermore, the authorities merely concentrates on the urban countries while pretermiting the rural countries. Because of this carelessness, the rural schools do non hold the necessary substructure in making a good acquisition and healthy environment. The execution of information engineering would assist in developing the educational criterion in rural countries. Methodology The range of this research was based on Jada Local Government Area and Jimeta in Adamawa province. The methods used in garnering information were, interviews, studies and internet research. Thirty people answered the study, 15 from Jimeta and 15 from Jada Local Government Area. Two people were interviewed ; the local authorities president of Jada and a instructor from Jada secondary school. Consequences of Findingss The study was in two subdivisions. The first subdivision focused on the condition/state of the school, while the other subdivision focused on how many people have entree to computing machine and in what ways has the computing machine affected them. Most of the people in Jimeta agreed with the fact that there are good qualified instructors and the acquisition environment is a healthy 1. The entire antonym was the consequence in Jada, from the study it showed that the schools in Jada local Government do non hold adequate tabular arraies and chairs, text editions are out dated and they lack other learning stuffs. From the consequence above it did non come as a daze that merely 5 per centum of the people who took the study knew what a computing machine was. In add-on, from that 5 per centum none of them own or have used a computing machine before. They have no thought, that the usage of computing machine can help them to be more efficient in their work. The contrary was the instance for the people surveyed in Jimeta ; 85 per centum have used a computing machine before and 60 per centum have entree to a computing machine. From the 60 per centum that have entree to the computing machine all agreed that it has made their work less feverish and it has besides made them more efficient. In an Interview with the Chairman of Jada ; Alhaji Usman Bamanga mentioned that the ratio of instructors to pupils is 1 to 70, which is really bad. In add-on to that, he besides stated that the instructors are largely unqualified. The Chairman besides stated that most of the times you would happen pupils seated on the floor because there are no tabular arraies and chairs in the schoolrooms. Furthermore, some of the text editions available are outdated and the instructors are the lone people who have entree to them. When asked if there are any computing machines available in the school, the president said â€Å" In a topographic point where there are no chairs for the pupils to sit on, do you anticipate them to hold computing machines. The merely available computing machine in this topographic point is in my office. † Harmonizing to the president, the ground why the school is in a really bad status is because the authorities do non supply plenty support to instruction in rural countries. The sum of money provided by the authorities merely helps pay the wages of the instructors and the school can non afford to purchase other larning stuffs needed for learning. In add-on, the sum paid by the pupils for their tuition fees is really undistinguished compared to the financess need to upgrade the criterion of the school. Interview with the instructor ; a instructor from the school was picked because he would cognize more about the jobs traveling on in the school. One of his major concerns among few others was, the pupils do non like coming to school and that the parents are non making anything about the state of affairs. In add-on, even if they are in school the pupil happen it difficult to concentrate in category because of the conditions of the schoolroom. The instructors besides complained that the figure of pupils in the category, he pointed out that he can non separate the chopper pupils and those that need excess attending. Those that needed the excess attending would stop up non larning anything at the terminal of the session. He besides complained that most of the clip the school does non supply them with larning stuff. For illustration, sometimes the instructors use their ain money to purchase chalks and other composing stuffs in order to learn their category while in some state of affairs w hen the instructors do non purchase the stuffs larning does non happen. Problems Faced by Classrooms in Jada Local Government Area From the study and interviews conducted, it is clear that schools in the rural country are confronting so many jobs. These jobs are: Low figure of schools in the country ; as motioned above, there is merely one school in Jada available to the population of 1000 pupils in the country. Because of that, the categories are overcrowded doing it impossible for the instructor to command the pupils. If there are excessively many people in a room with hapless hygiene, this makes it easier for the spread of diseases. In add-on, in a category where there are about 70 people in a room, would do it easier for the spread of diseases. In an article published by the World Resources Institute it stated that â€Å" Overcrowding and insanitary family conditions favor the transmittal of the disease, which is spread by droplets from a cough or a sneezing or common custodies ( Airborne, 1999, P. 4 ) . † Furthermore, excessively many pupils to a instructor, causes larning to be limited to little figure of pupils. The higher the figure of pupils in a category the more hard it would be for the instructor to command the category. With a crowded schoolroom, it would be hard for the pupils to be attentive. The crowd would besides increase noise doing deflecting other pupils ready to larn. Another, job faced by this school is the quality of instruction given to them. Most of the instructors in the school are unqualified ; they can non be accepted by other urban school so they come to the rural countries where they have no pick but to use them. The rural schools such as the one in Jada have no pick because they do non hold the money to pay for qualified instructors. The deficiency of qualified instructors has affected the public presentation of the school in external scrutinies such as Western African Examinations Council ( WAEC ) , and the National Examinations Council ( NECO ) . Supporting this statement is Vincent.O.Ibadin saying that aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦the ultimate quality of instruction is determined by the instructor, as he transmits the value of instruction to the pupil. In line with this, Merton ( 1957 ) in a paper titled â€Å" The Self Fulfilling Prophecy † , pointed out that, â€Å" a instructor ‘s outlook can and does rather literally affect a pupil ‘s academic public presentation. † Similarly, Aghenta ( 1998:44 ) emphasized that, â€Å" what the instructor does and how he does it are of import in the finding of quality of instruction. The instructor is every bit of import in the finding of measure of instruction. † Hence, possibly the National Policy on Education ( FGN, 2004:39 ) . ( 2010, p.89 ) The quotation mark above shows how the making of a instructor has a batch to make with the public presentation of their pupils. As a consequence of unqualified instructors, the pupils do highly hapless in external scrutinies, and because of their public presentation, they do n't acquire admittances into third establishments. The pupils therefore end up remaining at place making what their grandparents have been making, taking them back to where they started. This discourages the parent from seting their kids into schools and it encourages the figure of dropouts in schools. They feel that instruction is a waste of clip ; they instead send their kids to work and lend to the household income. In add-on to all the jobs, the school does non acquire adequate money to run the schools. The environment in which the pupils survey is really bad, the school does non hold adequate money to purchase up-to-date text editions and other substructures such as tabular arraies. How ICT Can Help Solve the Problem. The execution of computing machines and the proviso of cyberspace installation would assist work out some of the jobs faced by Jada secondary school. The job of outdate information and text edition: With computing machines and the cyberspace, the instructors and pupils can hold entree to information they need. The demand to purchase a text edition is non necessary. There are so many e-books, e-libraries and so much more out at that place that are free and unfastened for the populace to utilize. Distraction doing larning to be limited to few Numberss of pupils: The computing machine can assist pull the attending of the pupils. For illustration, in a category where there are three people to a computing machine, their attending would be on what is on the computing machine, ( the computing machine here is like a mini instructor to them ) . The computing machine provides a fun manner of acquisition, through educational games and multimedia, this makes the pupils to be excited and willing to larn more. The article Computers in the Classroom: How Information Technology can Better Conversation Education, it acknowledged that â€Å" It is possible to do a talk more piquant and entertaining by utilizing the presentation tools available to us with computing machines and associated package ( 2003, P. 2 ) . † Unqualified instructors: The instructors can foster their instruction by inscribing in universities that offer on-line grades. They can besides educate themselves with resources out at that place and happen out what is new and learning techniques that would assist them in their instruction. Problem of pupils dropping out: When ICT is implemented in the school it would function as a incentive for larning to the pupils. The pupils would be willing to come to school and larn about what is go oning in the universe. Implementing ICT can assist upgrade their external scrutiny consequences, which would acquire them admittance into the university. This would in bend encourage parent to set their kids in school, because they can now see advancement. Quality of instruction: To sum up how information and communicating engineering can work out the jobs of Jada secondary school, it would in the procedure addition the quality of instruction of the school. Harmonizing to the curate of instruction he stated that vitamin E acquisition could assist work out, the job the state ‘s instruction is confronting ( Sam ) . Government Roles in Solving the Problems For the job of unqualified instructors, authorities policies should be implemented to guarantee that merely qualified staffs are employed to learn. In add-on, those instructors that are already in the school system should travel back to school to foster their instruction to the criterion required. Government can besides put a policy to turn to the issue of overcrowding. A policy can be created that states â€Å" A instructor should hold non more than 40 pupils in a schoolroom. † When the execution of these policies is successful, it would turn to the issues of overcrowding and unqualified instructors learning in rural schools. The last and the most of import job is the issue of money, which generated most of the jobs. As identified by the president of Jada Local Government, the fund given by the authorities does non supply the basic demands needed to run the school. The authorities should concentrate on instruction in the rural countries as they do the urban countries. The authorities can non be the lone beginning of financess for the school ; there are other private persons and organisations that are willing to supply the aid. An illustration of a non-profit organisation aimed at assisting schools in Nigeria is â€Å" SchoolNet Nigeria is a non-profit administration created to turn to the usage of ICT in Nigerian secondary schools with the support of several authorities ministries. ( Agyeman, 2007, p.6 ) † Decision In decision, when ICT is implemented in Jada secondary school it would upgrade the criterion of instruction in that country. The alterations would non merely be limited to the school and its pupils but to the hereafter of Jada Local Government Area. The pupils would come out with consequences that would take them to any university in the state and compete with other schools in the urban countries. The kids Jada Local Area would hold control of what they want to be in the hereafter. As instruction makes you who are and what you ne'er believing you can go. If this is excessively be successful in every rural country in Nigeria so the jobs of Nigeria are solved Application of Ict in Classrooms in Rural Area This project is focused in implementing ICT in rural area, and the case study is on fufore local government in Yola. As we all know rural areas in Nigeria lack quality and basic education, when you talk about education in rural area what comes to our head is low standard of learning, poor education, not well equipped class rooms for student’s education or lack of proper infrastructure suitable for education. An article defined rural education as: There is little dispute that basic education1—often characterized as the reading, math, and other skills and knowledge taught in the first four years of primary school—is critical to economic and social development. Without basic skills, according to one definition, a person cannot comprehend the instructions on a bottle of medicine or a bag of fertilizer or read a government notice. Neither can the person compute a bill or write a letter. Without basic skills, it is impossible to develop one’s potential or to contribute in anything more than a rudimentary manner to society (Greaney, 1999). (Moulton, 2001) Fufore Local Government is settled area in the southern part of Adamawa with five major languages known as Fulani (largest), Bata, Verre, Laka and Pere, it consist of 1500 people that live there, most of them engage in cattle rearing, poultry, farming etc. When i went to observe these schools i noticed there were at least 300 children that went to both nursery and secondary schools, but the problem is they lack facilities that will make these students feel they are learning which makes some students even drop out of schools and start engaging in house work activities. This project focuses on schools in fufore that need ICT services to improve student’s knowledge and ability to learn in order for these schools to have equal education as the students in urban schools, if students in the rural area are not given equal education as students in the urban area there is a result of inequality. Unequal tools in an unequal environment create unequal results† (Ukpe, 2010). Implementation/ Application of ICT in class rooms in rural area is going to benefit the society as a whole, and both the teachers and students. It goes a long way to help the society, because when students start using ICT in classrooms some of their friends at home will also find it interesting this will make them also want to start schooling and know what school is about. This study will also be used as a case study to many parts of rural areas in Nigeria, making them aware of how value ICT is in our generation and also making these local students to fit into any schools they find themselves in in urban schools because this implementation of ICT will not only make these students concentrate on just computer and information studies they will also learn how to apply the knowledge in their various courses. Methodology In order to have reasons for the implementation of ICT in classrooms, i will have to compare this primary/secondary schools in rural area with the once in urban. The methods i used are personal observation, interview and online research (internet). We can see most urban schools have well functioned classrooms with well equipped IT services such as using projectors in class rooms, computers, wireless LANs, File management using databases. In order to convince these organisations we have to state the reasons why we think ICT is important for these locals in rural area. Just looking at an example of an urban schools such as Abti Academy in Yola, Capital science in kuje, El-Amin International school in Minna; we can see they all have what it takes for them to have a well knowledge of what IT is all about, they do class interactions, they submit their works in timely manner especially the senior students, it broadens their minds which they can relate to other courses and apply them when necessary, The students have full access to the lab to do research, take courses in computer education, type documents and gather information on relevant topics for their coursework and from every observation i noticed that schools in the urban area have high rankings in their external and internal exams such as mock exams, WEAC exams . In order to know what is really the problem of these schools towards their lack of ICT knowledge an interview was taken with most principals in these rural schools shown below. 1. Do you know what a computer is? 2. Do you intend to learn how to use it and do you intend to teach these students if you have the chance to? 3. Do you own a computer? And do you know how to surf on the internet with it? 4. What do you think about implementing ICT in classrooms? 5. How do you think it will affect the students? Interview Summary: Results The interview was conducted with three different principals of three different areas in fufore, but all their answers were closely the same. They stated they’ve had an experience using a computer, that it would be great to have such an opportunity to use computers and other IT services in their schools, it will surely help the students and enlighten them about what the world is all about now. They stated that they’ve all being provided by the school with just one computer and an internet connection, and in a rural place like fufore I believe there is a limited amount of power supply which makes it even more difficult to use this computer by anyone. They stated students in their area are in need of ICT in classrooms in order to making teaching easier for both the teachers and students, they also have a problem with their teachers who don’t acquire computer skills, it will be difficult for them to teach and guide these students through. ICT will greatly affect and have a positive influence on these students, they will have an opportunity to be going for national competitions because these services will not only improve them in one area, they will also have the ability to speak proper and fluent English, they can also learn how to type by doing their course works on their computers and doing research on the internet which will even help the senior students in history classes. They also mentioned that students in this area are always willing to learn, so it won’t be a problem for them to get used to it. Development and Implementation of ICT in class rooms in rural area: Fufore LGA Through ICT in rural schools it will expand the access to student’s education, now that technology is one of the things that help us develop in this world. So we have to make the rural schools aware of that which will greatly affect both the students and their lectures, it will also make them aware of what is happening in our world today (News) by browsing on the internet, also help them improve interactions in terms of video conferencing and distance learning; through video conferencing it will enable to share ideas and know about other courses that are not offered in the school. ICT is an extensively strong technology for extending and expanding educational opportunities in formal and informal ways, in this case rural schools. ICT is a technological development that reflects the new society and has its place within education. However, as with many new initiatives, ICT obviously has its problems that over time will be addressed. Meantime, ICT should continue to be promoted to assist with education and learning. I will heartedly agree with anyone who states that ICT is a valuable tool for both teaching and learning – speaking as someone who got the last lessons plan for my teaching from the Internet- but I can’t help feeling that the emphasis on the use of ICT detracts from other current ‘sexy’ education issue – socialisation. I believe that developing teachers’ social and counselling technique is a greater priority than their ICT skill (Sime & Mark, 2005). Access to remote learning resources: when this implementation is done, with the use of internet, teachers and students will no longer have to depend on textbooks for learning or even buy them due to how expensive they can be, they teachers can just find textbooks on the net and direct the students to access them too. With the use of Internet services you will find a means of learning materials or tools in almost every subject and can be accessed every day at anytime and also by unlimited number of people that can use it. This is significant for many schools in developing countries. Students will have control towards self learning: For example, teachers can just give a research paper as an assessment for the students, during that research they also learn a lot through searching and browsing different articles. This also broadens their minds to also think fast, observe the situation of the research, allowing their minds to take over and have control of what they are doing and also making their own opinions and what they think. Motivation to learn: the use of multimedia computer software that include sound effects, pictures can be used in learning process for people in rural areas, also as interactive radios and other performance. This will motivate the locals to learn because it’s new to them and then i believe that some locals tend to understand pictures or graphics rather than reading them that way they understand better. Use of modern teaching tools: in rural areas they still have an old way of teaching their students; some don’t even have notebooks, or other writing materials. Through ICT, students can learn how to manage their files on computers rather than writing notes in their notebooks, also teachers have PowerPoint to present to the class by that they can just write short notes on what the teacher is talking about. In order to improve the school from my own point of view it needs these requirements for students to have a basic idea of ICT is about. 1. Provision of hardware resources for internet connectivity such as WAN, LAN, MAN. 2. Software packages for learning or academic related CDs which they can install in their computers to improve self learning. 3.  Television for the nursery school students because children in nursery school learn faster with images rather than using books, and Projectors for the primary and secondary students. 4. A well functional and equipped computer that contains at least 15 computers. 5. Power supply via solar energy, because electricity isn’t that reliable and effective in rural areas, and besides this implementation is based in fufore which is always sunny every day. So solar would be a good source of electricity. These implementations can be done with the help of private organisations and even the government, we all know nothing is free; these organisations can get profit out of this successful implementation and project. They will keep implementing ICT and improving other schools in this area. Since i noted that not all teachers have enough computer skills to handle the students learning or to control these equipments, the organisations also have to supply the schools with well trained teachers/experts to show them how to take care of things just for some time. This is an expensive and vital project due to many resources that are needed, power supply because without power supply these resources are just going to end up being there without no one using it and also this is the future of our children to enlightened them and making them have a knowledge of IT, making them have the same and equal education the urban schools are having so they won’t feel left out. After these resources have been implemented and are already in use, in observation we are going to experience and expect these changes in the schools: †¢ The students should have the ability to think as fast and be smart like the students in urban schools and also their results will likely match up. †¢ An increase in the students that will enrol in schools because most students in rural areas don’t really care about education, some are drop outs and with a new system it will motivate them to also learn like their friends. †¢ Will be able to compete in national competitions with other schools. †¢ Know how to use these ICT services provided to them and also apply them when necessary Conclusion From all observations we can see how value education is and rural education cannot be compared to the urban because they have more experience in ICT than the locals have. ICT in class rooms has a lot of advantages and benefits to our daily life now, makes students acquire skills, skills that will take them to the next level, skills that will improve their way of thinking and will also change their lives because after school they can go to these urban areas and get a good job instead of staying in their area and doing the basic occupation such as farming. Technology is part of our world now and its used in our daily activities, with the aid ICT in class rooms they will have access to distance learning which will enhance their learning skills and ability, not only within the class room but globally or worldwide. In order for these students to be equal with students from other developed schools, they need to be given a chance; they need to be given the opportunities that are being given to the more fortunate schools/students. Nigerian Government, private organisations and private sources have to come together to make this possible for our generation and also to help the nation.