China’s Role in the World Economy

Over the past decades, the competitiveness of the United States economy has been outstanding because of its capacity for innovation, higher education system, market size in terms of labor and product markets, and flexible capital markets. These advantages have allowed U. S. industries to take a leadership role in the global economy, providing products and services demanded worldwide. However, the U. S. economic powerhouse faces expanded global competition. Economic liberalization throughout the world, skills upgrades in developing countries and massive technological advances mean that the United States faces expanded competition for jobs and investment. The United States’ overall competitive position in the world economy is threatened by uprising developing countries such as BRIC—Brazil, Russia, India, and China. This paper will focus particularly on China’s role in the world economy. At a time when the U. S. nd other traditional economic powers are weakening, China’s economic power is strengthening, indicating that it will try to find a much more assertive role in shaping the future of the world financial order. China, after all, has one-fifth of the world’s population, or roughly twice the population of the European Union, the United States, and Japan plus a handful of other high income nations. China sees the global downturn as an opportunity and it has the resources to seize the moment. Although Chinese leaders are struggling with shrinking trade and rising unemployment, China’s economy is still growing faster than those of other major nations. Chinese banks are more stable and the Beijing government is sitting on the largest stockpile of foreign reserves in the world. China's power has been increasing in recent years as it has surged to become the third biggest economy, after the U. S. and Japan. Since the late '70s, however, China's economy has doubled every eight years. In that same period, the U. S. conomy has doubled once. Today, average Chinese have some ten times the purchasing power they had just a quarter century ago. China's growth was led by exports and investments in fixed assets, such as factories and roads. China is now a powerful trading nation, and in recent years has been an avid consumer of industrial commodities such as copper, iron ore, and steel to fuel its rapid industrialization. Additionally, another main driver of Chinese growth was the Beijing Summer Olympics whom people looked to as a defining moment of China's rise. China's run of economic prosperity has been great news for millions of Chinese who have seen their living standards improve, as well as for global trade and the broader world economy. However, with all the foreign investment China is receiving, the country will only grow more and more interdependent upon the world economy. The impressive growth rate of China’s economy is not without its shortcomings. Problems such as inflation and inefficient state-owned enterprises plague the rise of the Chinese economy. Some of China’s economic problems seem to be internal, and connected with supporting the massive population while divesting the government of money-losing businesses. Its integration into the international economic order poses major difficulties for the rest of the world. These problems include bringing China's mixed market/centrally planned economy into the GATT, adapting to competition from labor-intensive Chinese exports, encouraging further market-oriented reform, and accommodating its demand for international capital. But China's participation in the global economy also offers important opportunities for trade, investment, and international cooperation to promote world prosperity and stability. The average Chinese GDP is still very low, meaning that it is a country with a lot of poverty. Since China has limited natural resources, the incremental increase in demand for these resources will have to come mainly from imports. Demand for energy and for certain other resources will thus grow very rapidly and China will have to expend large amounts of foreign exchange on their purchase, but China will have the oreign exchange required. And it is also clear that for the developed world, we have to react intelligently and strategically to what China is doing, accepting its aspirations, but also being aware of our own national self interest, and being clear about the ways we can work together. China is a manufacture based economy and is also graduating 350,000 engineers each year, six to seven times more than the U. S. These engineers are joining the manufacturing sector where manufactures now play an important role in response to global demand. The use of information technology in organizations is inevitable, be it manufacturing. It has contributed largely to the process advancements in countries much like Eastern Asia. Chinese manufacturers, for example, will continue to seek out and perfect the implementation of the latest strategies and technologies in the future. A comparative analysis of the investment patterns of U. S. manufacturers versus China is quite astounding. †¢ U. S. Manufacturing plants spent 3% of sales on capital equipment in 2004 whereas China spent 20%. †¢ In the U. S. 53% of manufacturing plants were expected to increase their capital-equipment spending in 2005 compared to China at 72%. †¢ IT spending was expected to increase at 42% of U. S. Plants in 2005 whereas in China, 75% of plants were expected to increase their spending on IT. In short, China has a manufacturing base that is, more cost-efficient today and investing more heavily in the capital equipment and IT that will enable it to become more innovative tomorrow. The impact of information technology in global trade is on the rise, as several advancements are focused on to be implemented in various developing countries like China. American entrepreneurs have pounced on the opportunity of growth in these countries, specifically in China. China is highly populated and is increasing in middle class citizens who have enabled the creation of consumer markets in China. While continuing to grow, entrepreneurs have leaped at the chance to be apart of the business and consumer growth. They learn the Chinese culture, language, and government regulations through their own research and or with the help of locals. Using the opportunity of unpenetrated markets and low resource and production costs, these entrepreneurs are able to build successful ventures. With high business growth, more Chinese citizens are able to afford purchase of imports and exports. Certainly, China is poised to become the world’s next economic super power and largest trading entity, in terms of inward and outward trading flows. If China would keep growing at this pace its economy would be bigger than the American’s economy by 2030 (Prasad, 2004). Their success in attaining that status will depend largely on how they collectively deal with their existing and future economic issues. The economy is showing positive changes but still faces very big difficulties. Despite its problems, China's economy is forecast to grow by at least 5% this year, in stark contrast to many major global economies that are shrinking. But these are speculations about the future. As for the present, China’s emergence is already a major challenge for other developing countries, for Asia, and for the world. That challenge will not diminish anytime soon.

Conflict Resoluton in the Classroom

Running Head: INCORPORATING CONFLICT RESOLUTION 1 Incorporating Conflict Resolution Melinda McCray Concordia University INCORPORATING CONFLICT RESOLUTION 2 As an educator, it is important that I not only know how to effectively deliver the curriculum to my students, but to also be able to effectively manage my classroom. Managing the classroom is not just writing disciplinary referrals or assigning detentions, but also includes making the proactive decision to prevent and mitigate conflicts as they arise in the classroom. While all conflicts obviously cannot be prevented, teachers must be instrumental in guiding students to resolving their conflicts. Thomas Lickona (1991) touches on guiding students through conflicts. He writes, â€Å"even if students have the benefit of a conflict curriculum, social skill training†¦ many will still have trouble applying these learnings†¦ In these situations the teacher usually has three tasks: (1) Helping students understand†¦ (2) Helping students work out a fair solution†¦ and (3) Helping children practice the behavioral skills†¦. (294-295). While some of these suggestions may not be applicable to high school students in some instances, I think that Lickona’s suggestions have merit. In my classroom, I could certainly incorporate helping my students practice good behavioral skills. I would definitely focus on the moral aspects of discipline and behavior, because students can relate to how they would like to be treated, using the â€Å"what if† scenario. Morality of mind is always an incentive to encourage a child to behave in the proper way. Community involvement is not always that easy at my school, but using our parent liaison could be a step in that direction. Maybe the liaison could reach out to the parents when teachers cannot. Lickona(1991) suggests that observant teachers know the situations that trigger situations, (295) as one such teacher, using effective conflict resolution strategies such, one-on-one counsel, seating arrangements, and modeling good moral conduct is the way I plan to continue to resolve conflicts as they arise in my classroom and keep the classroom environment safe. References Lickona, T. (1991) â€Å"Educating for Character† How our schools can teach respect and responsibility. New York: NE Bantam Books

College is not for Everyone Essay

Where is the fault in a person who discovers their dreams prior to their collegiate degree? The reason behind people taking tertiary education is to have a firmer background when undertaking future tasks. Simply saying, college is to help a person retain a focus until and beyond graduation. There are privileges in having a college degree. One of which is to ease the search of finding jobs. Another is that the specialization courses broaden the perspective of a student. There are also emotional and social benefits along with the diploma. The best of these is to have the bragging rights that he or she graduated with a degree, perhaps with honors. Unfortunately, this can only get a person so far. At least, realistically, in this day and age, wherein employment is a task in itself and the economy is not even as helpful. What is required today is practicality in everything one does. One of the biggest issues in mind is when college is a logical solution to the seemingly impoverished country. Education is the key, as the cliche goes. But is education only attained within the four walls and high ceilings of a school? I would like to believe differently. For all those who are taking up their college degrees, and for those who are living the â€Å"bums† life, always reconsider if college is truly the best option for you. For a lot of people, perhaps it is. But the same is not always true for everyone. The reason behind this claim is that there are certain individuals who cannot take in all the class lessons unless practically applied. A person may need guidance in the real world, but the guidance does not always come from a person with a higher educational attainment and a certificate that affirms that. Practicality is the new realistic approach to any person’s lifestyle today. It is about efficiency. This means fewer costs for greater productivity. With this in mind, and the argument at hand, college is not for everyone. To support this point, it is important that one recognizes three important reasons. For certain individuals, college is a waste of time. It is a waste of money. It is a waste of a viable dream. A regular degree will take a person more or less three years, depending on the school, before the diploma is handed over. That is, of course, if the student is deserving to be handed one in the first place. The years a student takes and endures to receive a sheet of paper that tells them that they are worth hiring can be a very tiring task for a lot of people. This is most important to those who are not happy where they are. Some students, who have had dreams to build a small business before progressing it to become big enough to make them rich, are usually those who are persuaded or inwardly forced to go into college by their parents. True, there are high expectations. But there is also the cliche that people love saying: This is my life. This is not to say that students should speak back to their parents, especially if it is unjustifiable. It is standing firm when what you believe in is the real thing for you. After your graduation, the usual jobs you would get is most likely related to your training. But that could very much make you unhappy. For four years, you could have been doing what you like the most and reaping income from it. A little support from your parents would not have been bad either. But after graduating a course you do not have your heart into, after all those years of surpassing the challenges of faculties and family members, you might not find the prize worth the effort. When attending college, they would always say that you are receiving quality education. That is almost the same as saying that you should be as intellectual as the value you pay professors and mentors to stand by your side and guide you through those grueling hours. Unfortunately, the connotation behind quality does not always go through both directions. The teacher might have been a doctorate holder, but could not teach well. There are also instances where in the student simply did not understand. The teaching skills did not match the learning skills. With that, money is wasted. â€Å"Quality Education† no longer comes cheaply. The amount that could have been rendered to more important needs such as food, bills, and rent went to an institution, and not the intellectual capacity of a student. Not that he or she immediately needs one. There are students who are really gifted with their respective needs that they are better off without the formal education. Informal education comes cheaper and more hands-on, which more likely allows a person to learn. Theories will not aid a student unless there is a visible application of all the lessons. Memorization will only bombard many terminologies into a student that he or she may never use again. If you really do not have your heart into what you are doing, then it is a total waste to begin with. The money, as they say, will go down the drain. It is not just about having your heart into what you are doing, but also having what you are doing in your heart. You have to love what you are doing to enjoy it, and to feel a sense of achievement. There will be a sense of pride in exchange of doubts and regrets. When what you want comes from the heart, that dream could not be wrong. The sentimentality could not go wrong. If you are happy about it, and that others are not hurt by it, then it is not wrong. If in your heart, you believe that college is really something that is not for you, then there are other alternatives. You can prove those who think otherwise that you can make a living without the formal education or the diploma at the end of it all. If there is something that you would want to do, and you have the determination to see it through, then stopping you would only suppress you. Simultaneously, it is a call for an inevitable failure, and nobody wants to fail where their heart lies. If you want art, go take short course. You can also learn by self study and participation in art groups. If you want to sing, take lessons. But also have something on the side. It is important to broaden your options, but to remain at a focal point. It can be more difficult to work without a degree. But if you really want to become rich, whichever avenue you choose to get there, you will. It does not have to involve a college degree. College might not be for you. It is not as if you are a lesser person than those who received their diplomas the long extensive way. You can think about it as accelerating through those years that you can work, earn and become rich without all that. It is not as if it is something to be embarrassed about. It is to save time, money and heart. As philosophers say, it simply is. I say immerse yourself.

Historical Developments in Samsung YOUM flexible display Research Paper

Historical Developments in Samsung YOUM flexible display - Research Paper Example Like the predecessor model Samsung galaxy S, it was touch screen enabled and adopted a slate format android shape. It however had better improved hardware. It was a slim model with the exception of two bulges at the edges. It also offered High Definition Link allowing up to 1080 uncompressed video output. Samsung galaxy III was launched during this date. It carries the slogan a phone that is smarter than you. This is because it has a unique feature not present in other android phones of having an intelligent voice assistant and eye tracking capabilities. It also has bigger storage space and wireless charging ability. Samsung displayed two prototypes of 4.5 inch AMOLED display which are yet to be launched. This phone is the most unique of the Smartphone’s that have been released up to date by having a flexible unbreakable screen. This phone model is paper thin and can thus be folded twice like a paper or even be rolled into a tube. It has flexible OLED colored screens. The OELEDs which are chemical components require minimal light to produce colored screen. However, it is feared that this OLED screens may fail to work because the need to be kept away for oxygen which may not be possible. This is however seen as precursor to development of S 4 models with more advanced

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Historical film analysis - Essay Example Human activity is one of the major external causes of climate change. The rising levels of aerosols and the polluted air released from manufacturing activities of cement and other environmental harmful products are among the top causes of climate change. Animal farming and deforestation activities affect climate because the surface is left exposed to extreme radiation. Other factors are poor land use, and depletion of the ozone layer. The earth’s orbit also has some variations which cause changes in the climate conditions. These changes affect the distribution of sunlight to the earth’s surface. Industrial activities carried out by modern technology and developments have led to increase in the level of carbon dioxide over the years. The earth’s temperature has been increased by man-made green houses through releasing gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane. The green houses also release water vapor, which contributes to the green house effect by increasing the warmth of the atmosphere. Nitrous oxide gas is a product of soil cultivation in the greenhouses, and is also another cause of climate change because it contributes to the green house effect. Volcanic reactions are part of the external causes of climate change. These release gases and other harmful substances into the atmosphere. After a volcanic reaction has occurred, the earth’s surface is blocked from getting the sun’s radiation because of the cooling that takes place for several years. One of the eruptions that caused climate change is the eruption of Novarupta which was the largest eruption in 1912, followed by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo which was the second largest eruption in the 20th century. The carbon cycle involves volcanoes because they release large amounts of carbon dioxide from the earth’s crust and other carbon dioxide sources. Variation in the solar energy is another cause of climate change. Changes or variations in the solar output lead to the

National Sports Day in Qatar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

National Sports Day in Qatar - Essay Example This way the students, employees and every person in Qatar have a chance to participate in sporting events and camps organized by the government. On its, introduction in 2012, CAN-Q did not see much use of the facilities meant for sporting. Both the student body and the staff did not turn up for the events and camps. This report is going to look into the reasons as to why people did not attend the events and camps, by conducting a pestle in addition to customer and competitor, analysis. Furthermore, the report will look at market research and problems faced, and how to resolve these problems by research. CAN-Q is among the oldest colleges in Qatar that provide high learning to the local residents since 2002. The college has a staff of over 650 personnel and a student body of 4600 students. The institution has excellent sporting facilities, which range from football, tennis and basketball courts to the fully equipped male and female gyms. There are two male and female swimming pools located in their respective gymnasiums. The pools have lifeguards who work round the clock, shower and locker room facilities, maintained in top condition. The target market for these facilities is the staff and students of CAN-Q. Both the staff and student are constantly encouraged to make use of these facilities to balance work and exercise and to keep fit and fresh to perform their roles even better. The service gets a fair amount of promotion through email, posters, and flyers and even through word of mouth among the students. Moreover, the service is free of charge to all the staff and students in addition to the alumni of CAN-Q. This is the section where one conducts an environmental analysis of the situation surrounding the sports day in CAN-Q. The result of this will bring a better understanding of the pros and cons around the college. The National sports day is a political initiative made by the ruler of Qatar.  

Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Famine, Affluence, and Morality - Essay Example The same feeling of caring and helping should be applied to people from all over the world. The second reason for agreeing with Singer is the fact that ‘developed countries’ have resources to help the hungry. I agree with Singer’s point that instead of terming the act of helping famine victim as a ‘charitable act’, it should be termed as ‘moral obligation’ (Singer 236). So much of food is wasted and thrown away by common people. One can easily feed hundreds of starving people with the amount of the left-over food by people in a developed nation. Also, people make choices regarding the food items and quality. This shows that there is more than enough amount of food related items available in a country. Hence, when a country has the storage of food even after feeding its citizens sufficiently, then it becomes amoral obligation of that nation, or people of that nation, to help minimize the world hunger. Instead of wasting food or throwing aw ay the edible parts just because they are not needed for a particular dish, it should be given to people who need it. No sane human being will choose to throw food in waste bin rather than giving it to a person who is starving to death. Hence, I agree with Singer that minimizing world hunger is a moral obligation of human beings. ... Singer’s argument is convincing as he has pointed out to the fact that richer nations have the capacity to reduce the suffering of famine victims in other countries without causing any reduction in the supply of resources to its own people (Singer 229). He has also stated that at the individual level also, common people have failed to raise their voice to help famine victims (Singer 229). Singer is convincing as he has exposed the selfish attitude of people and their lack of empathy towards the needy. From his argument, it becomes clear that proving money is not the only way one can help the famine victims. They can help the famine victims by holding demonstrations on the street to force the government to take right decisions. They can encourage people to help the victims by conduct awareness campaigns to let them know about the inhuman conditions in which the victims are living. As Singer says, they can write to responsible government officials, hold symbolic fasts and donate whatever is essential for the survival of the victims (Singer 229). His argument shows that people have aced irresponsibly and immaturely. Moreover, Singer’s argument is strengthened by the fact that what is needed to help the victims is nothing more than just a little awareness and desire to help the needy. By focusing on the people’s and nation’s lack of desire to help the victims, and irresponsibility towards the world citizenship despite of having the resources to help, Singer convinces the reader that individuals and nations have failed on the level of humanity. Answer C Singer’s argument can be objected on the point that being wealthy is not crime. Singer has pointed a finger towards wealthy people by saying that instead of choosing to help the famine victims, they

Professionalsim, Values and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Professionalsim, Values and Ethics - Essay Example Sitting on the former site for Anglia Ruskin University, the two phase project is one of a kind in Chelmsford with its unique development plan. The project basically consisted renovation of three key historic buildings which include; the Law building, Frederick Chancellor building and finally the Anne Knight building. The project which is found in the town of Essex is strategically placed thus tend to enjoy a prime location in the town (www.chelmsford.gov.uk). The project lies adjacent to Central Park and is located opposite the Chelmsford station. Still under construction the project stands to boast of over 600 homes with a range of property types, that includes apartments, townhouses, offices, retail outlets, community use spaces and offices Therefore, this paper will seek to explore and examine various features of this project. Some of the key areas that are bound to be covered in this paper include; roles and relationship of the participants, planning and construction process, legal and contractual framework, impact of the project to its surrounding, legacy, values it expresses and the urge to find out whether the design or architecture was inspired by a particular approach. To achieve this task various research methods were applied in order to come up with a detailed description of this project. The methods used in obtaining information included browsing materials on the internet and holding interview sessions with those involved. The only limitation about this project is that it is still in progress now that the second phase is not complete (www.genesisha.org.uk). To conform to the topic, this paper will explore the professionalism, values and ethics of those involved in seeing the project come to a completion and also deliver quality products that guarantee customer satisfaction. In order to see the development of a high end product in city

Business plan of shop for quality and well designed jewelry, shoes, Essay

Business plan of shop for quality and well designed jewelry, shoes, earrings, handbags - Essay Example Of all the factors that have initiated the high demand for cloths in the global market, technological improvement contributes approximately 60% of the total sales (Joshi, 2005). Based on the effectiveness of the online selling techniques in terms of expanding the customers base, companies that have gone global emulates e-commerce and social sites such as face book and twitter to market their products. Being focused to meet the increased demand for women wears, we are establishing a business referred to as Shoesholic enterprises (Gartner, 1985). Shoesholic allows working women and young ladies in colleges to shop for quality and well designed jewelry, shoes, earrings as well as handbags right from our outlets. It is essential to note that selling a modern and well fitting outfit that makes women feel special is our purpose. Shoesholic aims to make celebrities as well as other women to feel proud and enjoy the red carpet treatment. This achievement is based our commitment to emulate pr oduct diversification that entails products that comes with a personalized services and styles that are only experienced by celebrities (Richard, 2010). In our research we have realized that women can shop for their shoes anywhere. But unless a lady customer walks into a high priced boutiques located in Major UK cities, they cannot get personalized services during their shopping. We are therefore determined to end this buying pattern by providing online offers that offers personalized attention to all our women customers (Needham, 1996). This paper analyses our business plan by discussing our main business objectives, strategies, finances and other major aspects that Shoesholic will adopt to retain a competitive edge. Mission statement The mission of Shoesholic is to sell high quality women outfits that include leather bags, jewelry and shoes among others. Based on our affordable prices, we are aimed at attracting large number of customers regardless of their social and economic sta tus. As a way of enhancing a positive product-customer relationship, we are setting up a physical shop in UK (Abell, 2009). In this way, all the customers’ queries and feedback will be received thus ensuring that our products meet the needs of every customer. Shoesholic is focused at proving adequate and regular training to all employees as a way of ensuring that they acquire relevant skills to deal with the customers. This is a key role that our customer care department under the leadership of an external public relationship officer will undertake. Objectives of Shoesholic 1) To increase the company sales by 60% in the next five years. 2) To open at least 50 retail outlets in various parts of the world in the next five years as a way of effectively serving our customer base. 3) To increase monthly wages or employees by 50% in the next 2 years. This will improve their productivity thus enhancing the profitability of Shoesholic. 4) To

Unit 1 Case Study Assignment 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 1 Case Study Assignment 1 - Coursework Example The recommend specifications are 1 gigahertz 64-bit processor, 4 gigabytes of RAM and 500 gigabytes of hard disk space. The operating systems they can choose from are windows 7 or windows 8 which are running a current Microsoft office software such as Microsoft Office 2010 or 2013. An antivirus program such as Kaspersky or Norton is a useful add-on. There are several types of server brands to choose from such as Dell, IBM and Oracle. The minimum hardware for 5-25 users is a server with a 2GHz, 64 bit processor, 2GB memory (RAM) and a 160 Gigabyte hard disk (Micorsoft, n.d.). The recommended hardware is a 3.1 Gigahertz, 64-bit processor, 8GB RAM and a 500 Gigabyte hard disk. The recommended server software is Windows Server 2012 Essentials which is built to cater for small business environments (Technet, n.d). Fault tolerance requires that there is a spare part that takes over in case the original part fails. To make the server fault tolerant recommend options are: having spare memory modules in case the memory fails, having to network interface cards(NICs), having a redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID), having a dual power supply and having two servers clustered so they appear as one

World history flvs honors assignment Essay Example for Free

World history flvs honors assignment Essay Brazil is a country in South America that is beginning to flourish and demand attention from the rest of the world. Brazil has had a troubled past gaining independence and problems with poverty but in the last few decades has gotten onto its feet and is, in my opinion, beginning their golden age. Artistic and/or intellectual achievements: The core culture of Brazil is a mixture from Portuguese culture, because of the colonies formed by the Portuguese empire; and other influences like Roman Catholicism and the strong influence by African and cultures and traditions. The music of Brazil was formed mainly from the fusion of European and African culture. But not only do Brazilians love their music, dancing and art, they are proud of their Brazilian national football team that is ranked among the best in the world and has won the world cup 5 times. medical, technological and/or scientific contributions: Technological research in Brazil are conducted in universities and institutes. The funding for most of this research comes from the Brazilian government agencies. economics: Brazil is the largest national economy in Latin America and has growing market exchange rates and purchasing power parity. The Brazilian economy has been predicted to become one of the five largest in the world in the decades to come. Brazil has an employment rate of over a hundred million and the unemployment rate is as small as 6.2% of the population. politics: The main four political parties that stand out in Brazil are the Workers Party, Brazilian Social Democracy Party, Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, and Democrats. Dilma Rousseff is the current Brazilian president. social developments and/or humanitarian efforts: A pole done in 2011said that the literacy rate of the population was 90.4%, meaning 9.6% of people are still illiterate in the country. Every year this can go up if children aren’t reached. As well as a growing education, the cultural diversity is much like a large thriving country. About 92 million described themselves as White, about 83 million claim themselves multiracial, about 13 million are Black from African decent. Many others identify with Asian decent or relation to A merindians.

Australian Wine Essay Example for Free

Australian Wine Essay The Australian Wine industry is one of the largest exporters of wine around the world. Wine is produced in every state. There is approximately 160,000 hectares under vine, about 2500 wineries and 8000 growers. Australia’s wine regions are mainly in the southern, cooler parts of the country, with vineyards located in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. South Australia produces over 50% of all Australian wine. The wine regions in these states produce different wine varieties and styles which take advantage of the particular Terroir such as climatic differences and soil types. The common wine is blended wine especially red wine. E. g. Grenache Syrah Mouvedre (GSM) One example of multi-state blend is Cabernet Syrah. Cabernet is from South Australia and the Syrah is from Victoria. First vines arrived from Cape of Good Hope to New South Wales by Governor Philip on the First Fleet (1788). First attempt at wine making from these vines failed, but other settlers managed to successfully cultivate vines for winemaking. The first vineyard was established at Parramatta by a German settler, Philip Schaffer in 1791. The very first Australian vintage is in 1795. Early Australian winemakers faced many difficulties and problems due to the unfamiliar Australian climate. In 1880s Australia was struck by Phylloxera. South Australia survived the well as lot of the land was resistant to the Aphid. Australian wine was available for sale domestically by the 1820s and during this time Gregory Blaxland became the first person to export Australian wine, and was the first winemaker to win an overseas award. There are 2 distinct weather patterns. Firstly, the spring rains, dry summers, average temperature of 25-35 degrees Celsius and some maritime influences affects West Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. Secondly, the tropical based systems bring higher temperatures and higher humidity from the north. It affects mainly New South Wales and northern territories. The low cloud in New South Wales is an advantage to grape growing. The modern challenges are drought, fire and flood. The red varietals are Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot noir. The White varietals are Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon. Australia has no native grapes, and Vitis vinifera varieties were introduced from Europe and South Africa. Some varieties have been bred by Australian viticulturalists. E. g. Cienna and Tarrango. About 130 different grape varieties are used by commercial winemakers. Australian winemaking results have been remarkable and it has established standard number of varietals, such as Chardonnay and Shiraz.

Business And Marketing Plan For A Italian Restaurant Marketing Essay

Business And Marketing Plan For A Italian Restaurant Marketing Essay The location is very good as the CITYPRIDE multiplex is situated in KOTHRUD which is the fastest developed suburb in Pune.It is located close to the market area with Proximity to a number of colleges,schools and IT business establishments.CITYPRIDE is the only multiplex in the area.It also has a mall which leads to high footfalls on A daily basis.With this concentration of customers.there are no Italian restaurants that offer Pizzas and Pastas in Kothrud and a tremendous need for an upscale family restaurant that offers these items for both the adults and children. The turnkey operation seats 150 customers and is the perfect size for an Italian Restaurant.With the current lease and the fitout time of three months it will be very easy to procure all the required equipments and commence operations at the earliest.The growth in the number of high income families in the KOTHRUD area is also projected.ITALIA would be a perfect neighborhood restaurant in the perfect Neighborhood. Introduction- Company Description-PEEGEE Co,a Pune based company, will operate ITALIA, a single unit, medium-size restaurant serving healthy, contemporary style food. The restaurant will be located at shop No;4,CITYPRIDE MULTIPLEX,KOTHRUD,PUNE-411038 Mission Statement-The companys goal is that of a multi-faceted success. Their first responsibility should be to the financial well-being of the restaurant. They must meet this goal while trying to consider; 1) the effect of their products on the health and well being of their customers (and their staff), 2) the impact that their business practices and choices will have on the environment, and 3) the high quality of attitude, fairness, understanding, and generosity between management, staff, customers, and vendors. Awareness of all these factors and the responsible actions that result will give our efforts a sense of purpose and meaning beyond their basic financial goals. Development Status The company was incorporated in December 2010. The founders are Pravin Malhotra and Vikas Malhotra. Both are the managing partners of the co. They have put Rs 10,00,000/- each towards the initial investment for research and start-up costs.The remaining will be funded by the banks. A suitable site for the first restaurant was found last month and lease negotiations are in the final stages. The location will be in CITYPRIDE MULTIPLEX,in Kothrud which is biggest and the fastest developing suburb in Pune. When the lease is signed there will be three months of free rent for construction and in that time the balance of the start-up funds must be raised. With that phase completed, ITALIA Restaurant can then open and the operations phase of the project can begin. Future Plans If the business is meeting its projections by month nine, they will start scouting for a second location and develop plans for the next unit. Their five year goal is to have 3 restaurants in the PUNE area with a combined annual profit of between RS 50 LAKHS To Rs 100 Lakhs. The SWOT Analysis Strength-The strength of the company lies in the fact that Mr Pravin Malhotra the managing director of the company is a graduate from the Institute of Hotel Managent, Aurangabad.He is very honest and hardworking and has worked with the Le Meridien group of hotels as a F B manager for the last three years.His experience in the hotel industry would be very helpful in the day to day running of the restaurant.In addition the fact that both the directors are putting in Rs 10 lakhs each from their own savings is also very helpful.The need for additional capital will not be very much and it Could be procured from the banks easily. WeaknessThe fact that the promoters have no previous business experience could be a major drawback for the them.This weakness can be overcome by meticulate planning and Execution. OpportunityThis business plan reflects the opportunity on the part of the promoters to lease the premises offered by the owners of the CITYPRIDE multiplex.They had put up an advertisement in the local newspaper seeking persons interested in running a restaurant at their famous multiplex.The promoters took this opportunity and immediately approached the owners.They were the first ones to do so .They liked the premises instantly since it was located right at the entrance of the multiplex .The promoters immediately took a descision and signed the lease by giving a suitable deposit to the owners of the multiplex.. The promoters saw huge opportunity in opening up an Italian restaurant in the place. This was due to the fact that there was not a single Italian restaurant in the entire suburb of Kothrud which is the largest and the fastest growing suburb of the Pune city.Pune has itself grown into a very large metropolitan city in the past five years with the advent and growth of the IT sect or,In addition Pune has always been an educational hub since the last twenty years boasting of a large number of schools ,colleges and post-graduate management and other institutes.No wonder it is called the OXFORD of the east. Threats-There are a couple of renowned food chains within close range of the CITYPRIDE multiplex.These include the McDonalds restaurant which is located around a Kilo Meter from the place and the SUBWAY which is a mere half KM away from us.These could Provide us with stiff competition and could be a threat to the growth of the restaurant.In additions threat may also be posed by someone who might opt to open another Italian Restaurant in the vicinity. THE PEST ANALYSIS The Political AnalysisThe political environment in the country is very much stable and is conducive to the growth of the industry in general and the hotel industry in particular.The Indian government is taking huge steps to promote local as well as international tourism in the country. The Economical AnalysisThe total investment required for this project is 57,80,000/-. For deposit to the owner of the premises, advance rent of one month, as well as kitchen equipment, for interiors and also starting salary to the staff. The company promoters have pooled in Rs 20,00,000/- from their personal Savings ,The remaining amount of Rs 37,80,000/- will be raised by securing a loan from any of the nationalised banks.The promoters shall mortgage one of their personal property for the same. Social AnalysisAlthough the restaurant industry is very competitive, the lifestyle changes created by modern living continue to fuel its steady growth. More and more people have less time, resources, and ability to cook for themselves. Trends are very important and ITALIA is well positioned for the current interest in lighter, healthier foods at moderate to low prices. The food service business is the third largest industry in the country. The average PUNEITE spends 15% of his/her income on meals away from home. This number has been increasing for the past seven years. In the past five years the restaurant industry has out-performed. The reasons given are 1) lifestyle changes, 2) economic climate, and 3) increase of product variety. There are new restaurants opening every month and more needed to keep pace with increasing demand. The predicated growth trend is very positive both in short and long-term projections. As modern living creates more demands, people will be compelled to eat more meals away from home. Estimates are as high as 30% over the next five years. It is understood that: Consumers will spend a greater proportion of their food Rupee away from home. Independent operators and entrepreneurs will be the main source of new restaurant concepts. Nutritional concerns will be critical at all types of foodservice operations, and food flavors will be important. Environmental concerns will receive increased attention. Technological analysis ITALIA will be 150 seat restaurant.It will cater to the students as well as the business establishments and families of the area.It will require to adopt latest technological equipments to help serve the customers better.The seating arrangement and the chairs and tables must be of high quality and great care must be taken in designing and furnishing the interiors. PRODUCT AND SERVICE PLAN IMPLIMENTATIONS-ITALIA Restaurant will be offering a menu of food and beverages with a distinctive image. There will be three ways to purchase these products; table service at the restaurant, take-out from the restaurant, and delivery to home or office. The Menu The ITALIA menu (see appendices) is moderate sized, and moderate-low priced offering a collection of Italian items with a common theme healthy (low-fat, low cholesterol, natural ingredients), flavorful, and familiar. Their goal is to create the image of light satisfying and still nutritious food. Production Food production and assembly will take place in the kitchen of the restaurant. Fresh vegetables, meat and dairy products will be used to crate most of the dishes from scratch. The chef will exercise strict standards of sanitation, quality production, and presentation or packaging over the kitchen and service staff. Service There will be three ways a customer can purchase food. They may sit down at one of the 150 seats in the dining room and get full service from a steward. A separate take-out counter will service those who wish to pick up their food. Future Opportunities There is a market segment that prefers to eat this type of cooking at home although they do not have the time to cook. There are already caterers and even mail order companies that provide individuals and families with up to a months supply of pre-prepared meals. This opportunity will be researched and developed on a trial basis. If successful, it could become a major new source of income without creating the need for additional staff or production space. The Target Market The market for ITALIA products covers a large area of diverse and densely populated groups. Although it will be located in a downtown urban setting, it is an area where people travel to eat out and one that is also frequented by CINEGOERS. It is also an area known for and catering to the demographic group they are targeting. Market Location Customers -The CITYPRIDE MULTIPLEX is the best multiplex in the area.It is one of the most desirable retail locations hosting an independent Mall.In addition it is close to Colleges and universities. The customer base will come from 3 major segments; Local population the city of PUNE with a year-round population of 45 lakhs is centrally located in the Maharashtra state and is within 15 minutes drive of 8 major suburbs. Colleges and Universities PUNE alone has 6 different schools within walking distance of Citypride. In addition 5 more colleges near the square have large student bodies. Tourism à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ There are number of tourists coming to Pune all the year long. Local businesses à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Kothrud is a very big suburb of Pune boasting of a huge number of business establishments. The food concept and product image of ITALIA will attract 3 different customer profiles; The student more and more young people have developed healthy eating habits. Some also go through a health food phase while in college. The health conscious person of any age or sex this includes anyone on a restricted or prescribed diet or those who have committed to a healthy diet. Curious and open-minded if you try it, you will like it. Through marketing, publicity, and word-of-mouth, people will seek out a new experience and learn that nutritious food can be tasty, fun, convenient, and inexpensive. Market Trends The Future The population and demographics of PUNE have grown tremendously in the last 15 years.Pune which is called the Oxford of the east is famous for its educational institutes.In addition the economy of Pune has grown leaps and bounds with the Booming of the IT sector.With more and more families becoming nuclear and both the spouses working the people no longer have time to cook at home.Hence the lifestyles of people have changed. The idea of a health consciousness through nutritional awareness and dietary change has been slowly building for the last 5 years. The extensive government studies and new Food Guide Pyramid have given everyone a new definition of a balanced, healthy diet. This is not a fad but a true dietary trend backed by the scientific and medical community, the media, the government, and endorsed by the big food manufacturers. As people want to stay home more and cook less our strategy of delivering prepared meals on a weekly or monthly arrangement may be a widespread accept ed new way of eating The CompetitionThere are over two dozen restaurants in the KOTHRUD area that sell food at similar prices. Although there is no exclusive Italian restaurant this presents an obvious challenge in terms of market share, it also indicates the presence of a large, strong potential. ITALIA will make a successful entry based on an innovative concept or novelty. ITALIA will offer an innovative product in a familiar style at a competitive price. The co must make aggressive plans of take-out and delivery that will also give them an advantage to create a good market share before the competition can adjust or similar concepts appear. Competitors Profile Competing with ITALIA for the target market are these categories of food providers: Independent table service restaurants. Chain restaurants like McDonalds and SUBWAY, Commercial foodservice companies serving students directly. Independent operators include FIVE SEASONS RESTAURANT, MCDONALDS, and The SUBWAY. There are couple of companies which sell food directly to the students as well. Competitive Strategy-There are three major ways in which they must create an advantage over their competitors; product identity, quality, and novelty, high employee motivation and good sales attitude, innovative and aggressive service options. ITALIA will be the only restaurant among all the competition which focuses the entire menu on Italian food. Pizzas and Pastas are a major hit amongst the students as well as the IT public in Pune.Each of the competitors offers only one or two Italian dishes on their menu.ITALIA will be the exclusive Italian restaurant in the entire suburb of Kothrud. Once they have tried the restaurant, their experience will be reinforced by friendly, efficient, knowledgeable service. Return and repeat business will be facilitated by accessible take-out and delivery options. Marketing Plan Sales Strategy Market Penetration Entry into the market should not be a problem. The store has high visibility with heavy foot traffic all day long. The local residents and students always support new restaurants and the tourists do not have fixed preferences. In addition, Rs 1 lakh has been budgeted for a pre-opening advertising and public relations campaign. Marketing Strategy Focusing on the unique aspect of the product theme (healthy, tasty foods) a mix of marketing vehicles must be created to convey their presence, their image, and their message. Print media local newspapers, magazines and student publications, Broadcast media local programming and special interest shows, Hotel guides, concierge relations, Chamber of Commerce brochures, Direct mail subscriber lists, offices for delivery Misc. yellow pages, charity events. A public relations firm has been retained to create special events and solicit print and broadcast coverage, especially at the start-up. The marketing effort will be split into 3 phases; Opening An advanced notice (press packet) sent out by the PR firm to all media and printed announcement ads in key places. Future plans and Strategic Opportunities Catering to offices (even outside of our local area) may become a large part of gross sales. At that point a sales agent would be hired to directly market our products for daily delivery or catered functions. Operations Facilities Offices The restaurant at CITYPRIDE MULTIPLEX is a 2400 Square foot space. It was formerly a restaurant and needs on minor structural modifications. The licenses and codes issues are all in order. New equipment and dining room furnishings will be purchased and installed by the general contractor. Offices of the corporation are presently at MR PRAVIN MALHOTRAS home but will be moved to the restaurant after opening. Hours of Operation The restaurant will be open for lunch and dinner 7 days a week. Service will begin at 11:00 AM and end at 11:00 PM. Employee Training Education Employees will be trained not only in their specific operational duties but in the philosophy and applications of our concept. They will receive extensive information from the chef and be kept informed of the latest information on healthy eating. Systems Controls A big emphasis should be placed on extensive research into the quality and integrity of their products. They will constantly be tested for their own high standards of freshness and purity. Food costs and inventory control will be handled by their computer system and checked daily by management. Food Production Most food will be prepared on the premises. The kitchen will be designed for high standards of sanitary efficiency and cleaned daily. Food will be made mostly to order and stored in large coolers in the basement. Delivery Catering Food for delivery may be similar to take-out (prepared to order) or it may be prepared earlier and stocked. Catering will be treated as deliveries. Management Organization-Key Employees Principals-PRAVIN MALHOTRA AND VIKAS MALHOTRAS are the managing partners of the company.They will initially look after the setting up of the restaurant.The restaurant will have a cashier,a FB manager and a team of stewards and waiters to look after the customers. Compensation Incentives ITALIA will offer competitive wages and salaries to all employees with benefit packages available to key personnel only. Management to be Added They must search for a general manager and executive chef. These key employees must be well chosen and given incentives for performance and growth. Management Structure Style Mr Pravin Malhotra will be the Chief Operating Officer. The general manager and chef will report to him. The assistant manager and sous-chef will report to their respective managers, and all other employees will be subordinate to them. Long-Term Development Exit Plan-Goals-ITALIA is an innovative concept that targets a new, growing market. We assume that the market will respond, and grow quickly in the next 5 years. Our goals are to create a reputation of quality, consistency and security (safety of food) that will make us the leader of a new style of dining. Strategies-The marketing efforts must be concentrated on take-out and delivery, the areas of most promising growth. As the market changes, new products may be added to maintain sales.-Milestones-After the restaurant opens, they must keep a close eye on sales and profit. If they are on target at the end of year 1, they will look to expand to a second unit. Risk Evaluation-With any new venture, there is risk involved. The success of the project hinges on the strength and acceptance of a fairly new market. After year 1, we expect some copycat competition in the form of other independent units. Chain competition will be much later. Exit Plan-Ideally, ITALIA will expand to five units in the next 10 years. At that time, we will entertain the possibility of a buy-out by a larger restaurant concern or actively seek to sell to a new owner. CONCLUSION- From the above mentioned analysis and the plans formulated therein we can come to the Conclusion that: Pune is the most favoured destination for IT companies,students and the business community.The economy of Pune has grown with leaps and bounds in the last decade. The popularity of The Italian foods like pasta and pizza have grown with the students and the families. Kothrud is the fastest developing suburb in the Pune city.It does not have an Italian restaurant.Hence there is a tremendous scope for the setting up of an exclusive Italian restaurant which will cater to the student and the IT community. The premises chosen by the company is very good and it attracts a large number of footfalls daily. The footfalls increase dramatically during the weekends. The owner Mr Pravin Malhotra being a hotel management graduate and having a work experience of a fb manager at a reputed hotel is well versed with the job of running a restaurant.Altough he has no business experience ,his work experience may see him through. The owners of the company have a strong financial base and have invested about 20 lakh rupees for setting up the restaurant. In addition they have a personal property that can be mortgaged to the bank for a loan. Although there is a presence of other food chains like the McDonalds and Subway the project may still be a huge success because of the fact that there is not a single restaurant serving a complete Italian menu. With a proper marketing plan and strategy adopted by the company the project is bound to succeed. The owners have also hired quality chefs and managers who in turn will hire quality service staff which will provide healthy and nutritious food to the people.

The Use of Educational Software in the Classroom :: Education Teaching

The Use of Educational Software in the Classroom It is no surprise that technology is expanding every minute of every day. That would mean it should not be surprising that computers are becoming part of an everyday classroom. Middle Schools and High Schools have been using computers in a certain classes for years, but is it expected that children in kindergarten through 5th grade will be using computers also? It seems strange to think those children 11 and under are using a computer in the classroom on a daily basis. Yet it is true. Children in Elementary School are learning basic computer skill and putting them to work in order to learn things. Children are learning things from math to art on a computer. Is this necessary for such small children to become overwhelmed with? It is really decided by the child. Certain children learn faster then others. A computer is not an easy thing to learn. It may be believed that putting a child into a class that uses computer software gives them the basic skills needed to understand a computer. But having only nine months in a classroom, how long does it take for the child to catch on to the program? It varies between children. One child may take only a few minutes or hours of instruction of how to use the program, while another child may take days or weeks. This causes problems on the progress of the class. Are we supposed to separate the slow learners? Of course not, if we did that, as they get up to speed they are stuck learning slower. Does this mean that we should not use computer software in the classroom? No, it just means the use of software in the classroom has to be considered with the period of time you have to accomplish what needs to be done. What types of educational software are used? Well although there are many different types of computer software out there it is common that particular ones are chosen. Harford County Public Schools have been using the program â€Å"Kid Pix† often in the past two years. Although this is not the only school system that uses the Kid Pix software, it is an example that is close to home. Kid Pix is made by Broderbund a huge educational/entertainment software maker.

D.W.Griffith Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

Perhaps no other director has generated such a broad range of critical reaction as D.W. Griffith. For students of the motion picture, Griffith's is the most familiar name in film history. Generally acknowledged as America's most influential director (and certainly one of the most prolific), he is also perceived as being among the most limited. Praise for his mastery of film technique is matched by repeated indictments of his moral, artistic, and intellectual inadequacies. At one extreme, Kevin Brownlow has characterized him as "the only director in America creative enough to be called a genius." At the other, Paul Rotha calls his contribution to the advance of film "negligible" and Susan Sontag complains of his "supreme vulgarity and even inanity"; his work "reeks of a fervid moralizing about sexuality and violence" and his energy comes "from suppressed voluptuousness." Griffith started his directing career in 1908, and in the following five years made some 485 films, almost all of which have been preserved. These films, one or two reels in length, have customarily been regarded as apprentice works, films in which, to quote Stephen Zito, "Griffith borrowed, invented, and perfected the forms and techniques that he later used to such memorable effect in The Birth of a Nation, Intolerance, Broken Blossoms, and Way Down East." These early "Biographs" (named after the studio at which Griffith worked) have usually been studied for their stylistic features, notably parallel editing, camera placement, and treatment of light and shadow. Their most famous structuring devices are the last-minute rescue and the cross-cut. In recent years, however, the Biographs have assumed higher status in film history. Many historians and critics rank the... ...oes Griffith create the impression of narrative immobility? By and large, Griffith's films of the mid- and late 1920s have not fared well critically, although they have their defenders. The customary view—that Griffith's work became dull and undistinguished when he lost his personal studio at Mamaroneck in 1924—continues to prevail, despite calls from John Dorr, Arthur Lennig, and Richard Roud for re-evaluation. The eight films he made as a contract director for Paramount and United Artists are usually studied (if at all) as examples of late 1920s studio style. What critics find startling about them—particularly the United Artists features—is not the lack of quality, but the absence of any identifiable Griffith traits. Only Abraham Lincoln and The Struggle (Griffith's two sound films) are recognizable as his work, and they are usually treated as early 1930s oddities.

The impact of Queen Victorias Death on Australia :: essays research papers fc

Queen Victoria’s Death Queen Victoria’s reign, lasted 63 years, from 1837 to 1901. She ascended the throne of Great Britain, when she was 18. Despite being the Queen of Britain, and a very influential and prominent person, she also had an impact on Australian history. In Australia the most apparent legacy of Queen Victoria’s reign is manifested in the names of the two states, Victoria and Queensland. There are also a large number of other important buildings and places, named in her honor such as, the Queen Victoria Building, in Sydney. Victoria was loved and respected by her subjects, and Australian society at the time was affected greatly by the loss of their beloved Queen. An example of the affection and grief felt by the Australian people is apparent in the following poem, written by J D Horne of Castlemaine, Victoria. â€Å"Who can recall to memory the life Of one so loved, so dear — A devoted mother, Queen and wife A friend when few drew near — And not in silent agony Be melted into tears. A nation weeps her, The whole world mourns her... Dead, did I say? Ah! No! She lives In every loving heart. A nation’s grief is not assuaged – No time can heal the smart. She lives forever, and her deeds Will live in memory too, And history recount her praise For all the ages through. For never monarch lived on earth So worthy of our song...†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Victorian era, as it became known, was the time of Queen Victoria’s reign. Victoria’s death signaled the end of an era. It was a rich and significant period in Britain, which had a positive influence on Australia also. It saw profound social changes culminating in the rise of the middle class, population growth, and an increase in wealth. Victoria was Queen and so it was seen as a product of her reign and so the love for her increased. Victoria’s death created a feeling of insecurity and uncertainty of what would result. However, it also created the feeling of opportunity and a new beginning. â€Å"There was a sense not only in London but in all the capitals of the world that an age had come to an end, a stronger sense than there had been when the 19th century itself drew to a close.† (1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There were mixed feelings with the end of Victoria’s reign. At the time Australian culture still revolved around Britain and most Australian’s were either born in Britain, or had relatives residing there.

Why Math is a Requirement for My Lifelong Career goal

Life constantly presents new problems. The more sophisticated our society becomes, the more complex the problems become. We as individuals are constantly solving problems. For example when we consider ways to save money, reduce our expenses, budget our money or even save for a vacation, we are always dealing with numbers. Throughout this personnel reflection you will see why math is so important in my life long career goal, which is my BBA in Business management in the medical field. First and foremost my job will entail being a supervisor/manager of a nursing staff whether it be Registered nurses (RN’s) or Licensed Practical nurses (LPN’s). This is ultimately what I want to do. This job includes schedules for the nurses, patients, scheduling tests for the patients. I will also need to know the international metric system along with dosage calculations, one must know three important pieces of information, the desired dose, the dosage strength and the medications’ unit of measure (Survey of Math p 609). I will also use mathematics in my career by doing schedules, coordinating the staff on different shifts, making sure the staff is not working over 8-9 hours unless it is necessary, also making sure the staff doesn’t overlap one another’s schedule and handling the payroll. It is very important for people that work in the medical field to know what their doing when it comes to measurements of medication particularly, any miscalculation’s due to a staff members error can lead to 1) losing your job, 2) losing your license, and or prison time if it is fatal. One example of a similar incident that was not to long ago, and is still in the hands of the courts involved Michael Jackson and Dr. Conrad Murray. Reports stated that Michael Jackson died from a propofol overdose; propofol is a drug that reduces anxiety and tension, and promotes relaxation consciousness. Dr. Conrad Murray is being charged with involuntary manslaughter for giving Michael Jackson multiple medications intravenously; which is a needle directly into the vein. Reports have stated that Dr.  Murray gave Michael Jackson valium which is a sedative, along with numerous amounts of pain medication and anti-depressant medications throughout a 10 hour period. These multiple medications were found in Michael Jackson’s toxicology report. They state that Michael Jackson had enough medication in his body to sedate a large animal (KTLA. com info). Another similar incident was that of a oncologist that wrote orders for a new salvage regimen that employed higher doses of chemotherapy than usual. The patient developed acute renal failure and required weeks of dialysis, but ultimately recovered, and the tumor responded. The physician later discovered that he had mistakenly ordered four times the recommended amount of the nephrotoxic drug in the treatment regimen. The physician decided not to tell the patient, 6 months later the tumor progressed and the patient obtained a second opinion. The patient learned of the error the first physician made and sued the doctor settling for $75,000 dollars (PubMed Central). The patient survived and the tumor was taken care of, but as you can see mistakes are made like this every day, sometimes people don’t get another chance. Most of the time, the mistakes are made mathematically. The medical field is very crucial when it comes to mathematics. You must be on top of things, re-read your care plan every time you need to administer medications. A care plan can vary from patient to patient, but for the most part it included numerous activities, such as administering medications, careful documentation of dosages and avoiding interactions. Starting, maintaining, and discontinuing intravenous lines for fluid, medication, blood, and blood products. Administering therapies and treatment, observing the patient and recording those observations; and consulting with the physician or supervisor on duty (â€Å"Summary report for 29 – 111. 00 – Registered nurses,† 2010, Tasks). In this line of work documentation of everything that happens with the patient is very important. In conclusion, my math 103, survey of mathematics taught me a lot. I learned how to subtract, add, multiply, and divide w negative and positive numbers. This was one of my greatest challenges. Reducing fractions, radicals, algebra, solving an equation, percentage formula’s, application of percents, the american system of measurement, the scientific system, set theories, and more. I learned a great deal and will be able to take this with me in the future for my career goal. In all honesty, I’ve never been all the great in the math field, after taking this course, along with taking advantage if the tutors Bryant & Stratton offers, I feel very pleased with myself and what I’ve learned. It was a very positive fortification and I will take this with me, where ever I go.

Influence of Internet on Family Communication About Sexuality

The Influence of the Internet in Family Communication about Sexuality Christo Jose Central New Mexico Community College ABSTRACT The mass media are an increasingly accessible way for people to learn about and see sexual behavior. Out of all the mass media today, adolescents use the television and the internet more than any other media resource. The use of internet has risen exponentially in the last few years and within a year, it is estimated that 90% of all families with children will have access to the internet. The word sex is the most popular search term used on the Internet today. The Internet may have both positive and negative effects on sexual health. Internet bombards the minds of the teens these days with images of sex almost every single day. Aside from the daily dose of sexuality and eroticism provided by the mainstream media, 50% of all adolescents have said that they have encountered unwanted pornographic material on the internet. Many studies have been conducted to determine the extent of communication between adolescents and parents about sexuality. It has often been shown that students are more likely to turn to friends and the media before discussing this topic with their parents. The availability of a large and wide scale of information on the internet and the freedom from the embarrassment of confrontation has compelled many adolescents in this path. Because of this, fewer families discuss sex and abstinence in their families. One study has found that the patterns of sexuality communication in a family are also dependent on the gender of the parents as well as the child. Preadolescents who have communicated with their parents about sexuality have been shown to go to their parents for more advice when they are older. The internet does play a very important role in children communicating with their parents about sexuality. The internet provides a wide array of information that can lead or mislead children based on where they look for information. Some studies show that the use of internet in families have reduced the family communication and has led to less and less time spent with the family. This leads to a strain in communication between the children and the parents and this lack of communication makes it uneasy on the children to go to their parents when in need of information about their sexuality. The mainstream mass media (movies, music, T. V. , magazines and the internet) provide frequent and sometimes explicit images of sexuality. Available studies show that the media do have an impact because the media keep sexual behavior on public and personal agendas, media portrayals reinforce a relatively consistent set of sexual and relationship norms, and the media rarely depict sexually responsible models. In the Unites States, children spent about a third of their time a day exposed to some form of mass media. Patterns of media use vary greatly based on age, gender, race/ethnicity and socioeconomic level. Thus, one can never be sure that a message sent out through any form of media is interpreted as the same by the various people exposed to them. The internet being a bottomless pit of information can never be fully trusted. Though the internet provides more explicit material on sex than any other media, most of these are along the lines of pornography and do more harm than good. The internet, being a product of normal people, isn’t always accurate and can provide information that are biased and may not always prove to be useful. The personal opinions and tips expressed in many websites aren’t usually based on any scientific or medical facts and can thus mislead children looking for information. In a study conducted in 1993, adolescents (aged 15-17) put their friends first, then parents and then the media for sources to acquire information about sexuality. Today, the media has risen in rank and leads as the main source of information for adolescents. Among the various forms of media, internet maintains the top spot. The anonymity provided by the internet is one of the main reasons for the children of these days turning to it for information. The risk of embarrassment and confrontation is negated behind the blinds of the computer screen. The extreme nature of some of the sexual content available causes students to misinterpret many things they see online and mislead them into thinking about the prevalence of some activities in real life. The media as a whole provides a picture that is far detached from the problems of real life and it has been shown that many teenagers strive to achieve that level of unnaturalness in their lives. Patterns of Sexuality Communication Between Preadolescents and Their Mothers and Fathers This was a study conducted to examine the extent of communication and the patterns of communication in various families between preadolescents and their parents. Each member of the triad completed a 10-item measure of communication about risk factors for sexual activity, sexual communication, and sexual risk prevention. A majority of parents and their preadolescents reported communication had occurred about most topics. Mothers and fathers were equally likely to communicate with sons whereas mothers were more likely to communicate with daughters than were fathers. Based on the study results, preadolescence may be the optimal time for parents to provide sexual risk prevention messages to their children before sexual behaviors are initiated. Parents and other family members play critical roles in shaping adolescent sexual behavior through their parenting practices, sexuality communications, and modeling of risk reduction strategies. Greater parental monitoring and less parental permissiveness are consistently related to later sexual initiation, less frequent sexual intercourse, less risky sexual behavior, fewer sexual partners, less pregnancy, and increased condom use among teens. The study found that overall, most preadolescents and their parents report that they have talked about risk factors, sexuality education and sexual risk prevention topics. The parents and the children were more prone to discuss topics like drug abuse and alcohol with their children than other sexual topics. Discussion about condoms and abstinence were least reported. Looking at the study gender-wise, we see that boys have discussed their sexuality with both the parents to the same level and have reported doing so. In the case of daughters, the patterns show that they tend to go to their mothers more for information about sexuality. Dad-daughter pairs rarely reported discussing sexuality, menstruation and puberty. Preadolescents are the time of their lives when they internalize the messages they get from their parents. Children who have been educated at this time tend to not be affected peer relationships and the media as much as those who have not been. Children whose families communicate with each other abstain from risky behaviors and have more tendencies to be less influenced by the outside media. Thus parents need to be encouraged to communicate with their children about sexuality rather than letting them search for information outside the family circle. It is better to communicate with children at the age when they are more receptive to family communication. Family Relations and the Internet: Exploring a Family Boundaries Approach Introduction of internet into the family environment can influence and change the way of life in a family. The increase in the use of internet in families has prompted many researchers to see how it can influence everyday life. Connection to the internet opens a window of information to families about parenting, child’s education and family health. Many studies have also stated that the frequent use of the internet by family members have cut into the time spent as a family. This results in a lack of communication among the family members which can cause the children to go after various other media to fulfill their curiosities and the need for information. Most parents view the internet as a positive force in the life of their children and buy them computers and connect them to the internet to help them better at school, to do more research and to learn new things. Teens don’t always use the internet to match their parent’s expectations and in these conditions the positive force can turn into a source of conflict in the families. Conflict, if not handled well, can lead to a lack of communication or miscommunication among the family members. This can lead to a lot of assumptions and misconceptions that can surface from a child’s limited view of the internet. Another argument against the use of internet is the large hole it cuts into the child’s available time. Internet use is time consuming and it has been found that internet use in high frequency is directly responsible for the negative effects on family communication and closeness. All this studies are based on the conception that the communication between the family members is a closed system and that the internet cuts a hole in this closed fence. Communication in a family isn’t always related to the use of internet in every family. Many other factors play into this scenario. The schedules of the whole family are important and should be considered when something like this is examined. Dysfunctional families do not need the internet as a hindrance for the lack of communication among its members. Before the advent of the internet, there did exist many families who did not communicate properly within. Even with these arguments in favor of the internet, its effect on the family can not be withheld. It has been shown that frequent internet visitors go there for social purposes and their personality characteristics are influenced by this and differ from normal. Adolescents who use the internet for social and entertainment purposes seem to have more conflict with their family than those who used it for educational purposes. On the whole, it can be seen that increase in the time spent on the internet has had a negative impact on the family time and a positive impact on the family conflicts. Thus, the internet is directly linked to the decrease in family cohesion due to lack of communication and time spent together. CONCLUSION The three articles come to a conclusion about the nature of the influence the internet provides on family communication. Internet is a very useful resource and source of information and we can never deny its importance in everyday life. But, when we consider its influence on the young minds, we need to think about the advantages and the disadvantages. Depending on the point of view of a person, the internet can be good or bad. From the articles we can see that the families who spend a lot of time on the internet do seem to have more communication dysfunction than those who spend less time. This can be due to two different reasons. Adolescents these days depend on many different sources of information available to them to teach them about their sexuality and sometimes these resources can point them in the wrong direction. Children who don’t have a good communication rapport with their parents at a young age usually don’t develop a good communication bridge with their parents when they get older and the peer relationships are stronger. Some of the messages put across by the internet are factually wrong or morally incorrect and many children accept this as the truth due to lack of communication with parents. This leads to development of wrong set of ideas and can lead to various risky behaviors in the sexual context. The excessive amount of explicit sexual content available on the internet can confuse the minds of teens and younger children alike and can lead to a state of mind in which many of the things depicted may seem natural for them. This again leads to risky sexual behavior. Another way the internet seems to affect the family communication is by cutting into the time spent as a family. This goes hand in hand with the earlier mentioned fact as this leads to lack of communication between the parents and the children leading the children to go elsewhere in search of advice or information. The whole thing works as a circle in which the increased use of internet by children has a negative impact on family communication about sexuality. But it has been shown that parents who communicated with their children at a young age make an impact in their receptive minds and can thus strengthen the bond between the members of the family. This can lead to open communication in a family and thus the children can be educated properly and correctly about the various aspects of sexuality. From this, we can come to the conclusion that early development of a good bond with parents and the control of the use of internet (among many other factors) can help children grow up to be sexually responsible adults. Since I am already an adult, I will use this information I have gained in the future with my family. Making sure to have an open and trustful bond with my children would be my primary objective when bringing them up. I will try to communicate better with my family in that way and can teach my children things that I myself have gone to various places to find. During the time I grew up, my main source of information on this topic was the internet and my peers which have led me to learn through trial and error which was risky and dangerous. I realized from writing this article that one of the causes of this was the internet and I will make sure that my children won’t have to repeat my mistakes. Also, on a broader view, communication is very important in getting any kind of point across to people and it is important to look for accurate information when trying to teach someone something. Depending on the internet is not always accurate and in the right point of view. Another thing that can be learned from this is that it is always important to take time to open communication channels and talk to people. Lack of communication can lead to lack of cohesion and more problems anywhere, be it work, family, friends, etc. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brown, J. (2002). Mass Media Influences on Sexuality. Journal of Sex Research, 39(1), 42-45. {text:bookmark-start} P {text:bookmark-end} Wyckoff, S. , Miller, K. , Forehand, R. , Bau, J. , Fasula, A. , Long, N. , et al. (2008). Patterns of Sexuality Communication Between Preadolescents and Their Mothers and Fathers. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 17(5), 649-662. Mesch, G. (2006). Family Relations and the Internet: Exploring a Family Boundaries Approach. Journal of Family Communication, 6(2), 119-138.

Unit 3: Screening and Assessment

The Assessment Process Maria Barrezueta Kaplan University The Assessment Process Many sources of energy exist all around us, the two main forms of energy are kinetic and potential. While potential energy is less obvious, kinetic energy can be easier to identify. Energy comes from different sources, some that are renewable and others that have a limited supply. The world that we live in has a high demand for energy, and it is important to find alternative sources that are renewable and cost effective.It is beneficial to reflect on the energy that is used daily, try to find ways of using renewable resources, and making it a personal duty to conserve energy by reducing daily usage. Energy is used in many different ways, anything that is able to do â€Å"work† exhibits energy (Trefil & Hazen, 2010). Humans rely on food for energy, as our bodies convert food into work (Trefil & Hazen, 2010). With so many technical advances, energy has a significant role in our everyday lives.The al arm that is used to wake up, the lights that we use when its dark, the hot water that we use in the morning, the electricity that is used for a blow dryer or straightener, to make coffee and toast, the gas that is used to drive to work†¦it seems as energy sources are in constant use, half the time it happens effortlessly. Electricity is a source of energy that is used for many different appliances that serve our daily needs. It is however a secondary source of energy because it originates from coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear (energy4me. com, 2013).Electricity can be made from renewable sources such as solar energy and wind (Trefil and Hazen, 2010). As electricity makes many of the tools we need functional, gas is also an energy source that is used at home, during travel and at work. Living in California, the weather is not a subject to complain about. Nonetheless, we use the air conditioner in the summer time and the heater in the winter. Some homes use electric stoves whil e others use gas. All of these energy sources come from petroleum; the energy source that provides fuel for our vehicles, heat for our homes, produces electricity, and is used in many everyday products (energy4me. om, 2013). According to Trefil and Hazen â€Å"Fuels like oil (petroleum), coal, and natural gas are called fossil fuels because they are the result of processes that happened long ago† (2010). Consequently, petroleum a very high in demand source of energy, is not renewable. Renewable energy has become a very important topic, as the need to conserve fossil fuels has increased significantly. When considering renewable resources, different factors exist such as reliability and cost.As mentioned earlier, the two main forms of renewable energy come from wind and solar energy because these sources are reliable and there are no global warming risks involved (Trefil and Hazen, 2010). Wind energy is a renewable source of energy; with the use of wind turbines, it generates e lectricity with each turn of the blade (energy4me. com, 2013). Since electricity is produced with each turn, the amount of energy obtained depends on the amount of wind available to that region. California has 3 main wind farms and are located in Tehachapi, Altamont Pass, and San Gorgonio (California Energy Commission, 2013).Wind energy is generally higher around spring and summer, which doesn’t make it a reliable source all year long. Using wind energy for personal home use would only work if one lived by the coast. Wind energy is not a renewable energy source that is available to many populations, thus would not be appropriate to residents looking for alternative energy sources. A renewable source that can be more accessible is solar energy, especially in California since energy is obtained from the sun. The use of solar energy has been around since ancient times, the amount of solar power available is endless.The downfall is that when the sun is not shining, there is no po wer generated. However, living in southern California, using solar energy is more readily available than in other regions because it is typically sunny. To use solar energy, solar panels that produce photovoltaic cells are created, these panels turn sunlight into electricity (energy4me. com, 2013). Another source of renewable energy is hydropower, which uses water to create electricity. Generally hydropower projects consist of a strong flow of water that puts pressure and turns the turbines that generate electricity (energy4me. om, 2013). Hydropower is a reliable source, however it would not be appropriate for southern Californians because the area is too dry and a hydropower project would not work. The main energy source that is used is petroleum, we use it for transportation, heating, cooling, and for its many other benefits. The disadvantage of petroleum is that only a limited supply exists. There is also a possible risk of environmental damage whenever drilling for petroleum is done. The advantage of renewable energy sources is that the supply relies on the weather conditions.This means that as long as there is sunlight, solar energy can be produced. Wherever wet regions exist, hydropower projects can be set up, just as windy regions can use wind turbines to generate electricity. All of these resources are naturally available, thus allowing an endless supply of energy. Nonetheless, the main disadvantage of all renewable energy sources is that all of the methods discussed are quite costly. Building wind turbines can be expensive, however after they have been built, electricity is generated at no cost. The same with solar energy, it involves a high investment and only works with sunlight.However, the system does last 15-30 years which is a significant amount of time. The hydropower projects are not only pricey, but there is also a risk that it may have an environmental impact by changing the dam area (energy4me. com, 2013). Despite its disadvantage, it does has the capability of creating large amounts of power. It is important to take personal responsibility on the energy that is used, by practicing energy conservation. This can be done * In addition to using alternative forms of energy, energy conservation is also a significant way in which we can reduce our ecological impacts on the environment.Determine areas where you may already practice energy conservation and also identify at least 3 ways in which you can reduce your energy use both at home, at work, and in other actions you take on a regular Shawn_Edwards_Assignment2. doc References California Energy Commission (n. a. ) (n. d. ). Retrieved on April 18, 2013 from: http://www. energy. ca. gov/ Energy Sources (n. a. ) (2013). Retrieved on April 18, 2013 from: http://www. energy4me. org/ National Renewable Energy Laboratory (n. a. ) (2013) Retrieved on April 18, 2013 from: http://www. nrel. gov/

The Yin and Yang of American Culture

The Yin and Yang of American Culture: A Paradox by Eun Y. Kim is a perspective of the American way of life by a Korean American. Kim uses the yin and yang symbol to describe the positive and negatives of American culture and how it compares to Asian culture. Kim's exposure to American culture as a young child in Korea and immigrating to the United States while also being raised in a Korean household where Korean tradition was upheld provides a solid basis for her analysis.I have chosen five of her yang statements for discussion which I believe I have experienced eing a fourth generation American but also witnessing the truth to these statements during my travels to Asia as well as to Portugal. One of the biggest statements for Kim's yang is â€Å"Dreaming the Impossible†. As children in America the majority of us are told to dream big. I was told as a child that I could be anything I wanted to be whether it was an astronaut, a veterinarian, or an entrepreneur. I have always dr eamed of being a veterinarian, and I am slowly working towards my dream.I have seen friends of mine achieve their dreams such s a close friend wanted to play football for the Air Force academy; he completed his four years at the academy playing football and went on to complete ten years as an Air Force officer. I have also seen the difference between the United States and Portugal, and how we encourage dreams and support them. My husband was born in Portugal and moved to the U. S. when he was two years old. His mom and dad worked hard to live â€Å"the American dream† which to them was owning your own house and providing for your family.They did not push â€Å"dreams† other than that one on my usband or his brother. Despite this my husband created his dream; to fly planes. He cannot remember how old he was Just that he was young, but he remembers taking a summer trip to Portugal to visit his grandparents, and he was invited into the cockpit of the airplane where he was allowed to sit in the captains seat and was given a short tutorial, but ever since than his obsession with airplanes and flying took off. His parents may not have told him that he could do anything he dreamed of like my parents, but the American school system did.Dreaming the Impossible† also leads to â€Å"Flexible Systems, Flexible Roles†. I am a great example of this. I finished high school and automatically rolled into college but after a year and a half of doing the bare minimum I decided that I wasn't serious about school at the moment and instead of wasting my time and money I would take some time off to decide what was important to me. Now about ten years later I am finally back to school full time while also finishing up my contract in the Navvy. I am working full time and going to school full time with a flexible system and a semi- lexible role in both.The American education system allows me to do this and actually encourages us to do this. When I was growing up, my best friend's mother was a computer engineer and when we were in middle school she had decided it was no longer for her. She quit her Job and went back to school, and she now teaches middle school mathematics which she had always wanted to but chose engineering because of the money. A third â€Å"yang† I have had experience with is â€Å"Openness and Friendliness†. In September 2 I was able to visit Japan tor a tew days due to a deployment portThe ship I was stationed on pulled into Yokosuka Japan, and although I didn't receive much ofa culture shock there, I did when I traveled to Tokyo. My first observation of how the Japanese were not as friendly as Americans was when I rode the train. My friends and I were patiently waiting for the train doors to open to allow those getting off to get off first before boarding but no one else did. Everyone else was crowding the doors and making it difficult for those getting off to do so but no one seemed to have a problem with the so called â€Å"rudeness† except for us Americans.We quickly learned if we wanted a place on the train we had to be quick and impatient. Although Japanese citizens were not as friendly and open as American citizens I did experience a very nice Japanese woman who could tell I was confused by the subway map in Tokyo. I was standing in the subway trying to make heads and tails of the map on the wall when this elderly Japanese woman started speaking English to me asking me if I needed assistance. She explained that she had recently moved back to Tokyo after living in Minnesota for the past 40 years which quickly explained her illingness to help a complete stranger out.Although I did meet plenty of helpful strangers in Yokosuka, which is accustomed to American visitors, she was the only smile I received while in Tokyo which wasn't from a friend. Americans love to have fun, and I am no exception. The phase â€Å"work hard, play hard† is commonly used in the United S tates and describes me. I work full time and go to school full time, and if I have completed all my homework by Saturday night or budgeted my time I definitely like to go out and have fun. I also find time during the eek to do things that are not work related or school related such as see a movie or go for a run or catch a workout class at the gym.To me if I work hard then I deserve to spend some time getting out and doing what I want. My family is the same way as well as my in laws who live in the states. A couple times a year my husband and I will vacation with our family either going camping or going to Wildwood, NJ to spend some time at the beach and the boardwalk. If my husband and I can coordinate a weekend where we both have off we will usually head some place new to kayak or ightsee. We are always looking for fun as well as saving our money to complete these fun tasks.It's what we live for even if we have to put in some overtime to achieve it. My last â€Å"yang† is à ¢â‚¬Å"Remaining Active throughout Life† which I have yet to experience personally since I am only 31 years old but I have observed my 80 year old father in this accomplishment. I started bugging my dad around the time I graduated from high school that he should think about slowing down and retiring since he was 67 years old. This past May he finally took my advice and is finally retired but still ontinues to enjoy life.A few times a week he is fishing or riding his motorcycle or spending time with family; he is the energizer bunny. He also looks like he Just turned 60 and not 80, which he turned in October of this year. I believe that staying busy and having hobbies is what has allowed him to take 20 years off his life. I also like to think I have kept him young because he did have me late in life (around the age of 49), and he was always active in parenting me. He helped me with my homework and also helped me practice basketball and softball by participating in them with me.I am thankful that he didn't believe that as he aged he was unable to do things those younger than him could do. The Yin and Yang of American Culture has reinforced the wonderful things I love about the American culture but has also helped me realize that there are certain things from the East I would like to incorporate into my life. Kim's insight of the light as well as the dark in the United States is something all United States citizens should take notice of, and in my opinion may make our society better. I know I am going to correct some of my own vices to bring over to the â€Å"yang†.

How does Seamus Heaney reveal his culture in ‘Digging’ and ‘Follower’? Essay

Seamus Heaney was born in Northern Ireland in 1939 to a working class family. Being the eldest of nine siblings wasn’t easy yet Heaney’s intelligence was highlighted when he won a scholarship to a catholic school at the tender age of twelve. He had an agricultural background and was raised on the family farm where he stood proud of his hard working ancestors and their skills. After studying Heaney’s first pair of poems ‘Digging’ and ‘Follower’ I can especially relate to the strong family values Heaney displays, yet an important part of the Irish tradition is for a father to pass on his business or trade down to the eldest son. We see how Heaney would feel pressurised; indeed he would have a lot to live up to judging by that exposed in his poetry. It is well known that most Irishmen are working class and Ireland has a very strong pub culture; from this fact stems many stereotypes. Through his poetry Heaney attempts to challenge the discrimination that is regularly shown towards Irish farmers. We see even today many frequently told jokes involve the Irish man as the fool; it’s the Irish farmer that is especially misinterpreted, yet Heaney gives us a fair insight into the life of his family and their farming profession; he tells readers of the immense skill needed to farm well and the capability of an Irish farmer. He is therefore challenging the tradition yet damaging the stereotype. Firstly we see how ‘Digging’ has both a metaphorical and literal meaning to it. The literal meaning is that his father and grandfather are farmers, the poem talks about his family ‘Digging’ and working on the farm. Onwards from this the metaphorical meaning is that Seamus Heaney himself is ‘Digging’ into his past and background, which indeed is farming. Hence the title is rather effective. ‘Digging’ is about Heaney breaking away from the family tradition and becoming a poet thus it is written in an untraditional way. In ‘Digging’ Heaney begins his poem in the present tense he is describing what he is doing and his surroundings at the time of writing before he takes a step back in time, reminiscing and evaluating his thought process as his memories link causing him to remember the past and the skills of his father and grandfather. He is sat by his window to write the poem and therefore fulfilling his passion as a poet; he describes seeing his elderly father straining amongst the flowerbeds, then goes into the past and reminisces again about his father and how he would farm so well. He writes of the times when he and his father would work together picking potatoes on the farm. Further on Heaney delves deeper into his family history, he moves on from his father and begins to speak of his grandfather linking the two together via their epic skills. He writes â€Å"By God, the old man could handle a spade Just like his old man.† Heaney uses his chain of thoughts in a very orderly way and describes the potato picking days from his past, he goes into detail about how the potatoes smelt and the sound of the ‘soggy peat’. He then ends with a stanza much like his first, yet within this stanza we see how he realises that his tool is not that of a farmer but is a pen and his skill is to write. The final line, however, is set in the future tense to emphasise Heaney’s determination – â€Å"I’ll dig with it.† In contrast ‘Follower’ is a very different poem. Here, Seamus Heaney writes about his days on the farm from the perspective of being a young boy. He sees his father working on a horse and plough as he recollects upon how he looked up to his father and saw him as a great role-model, indeed, as a child Heaney himself wanted to become a farmer. Thus the poem is, unlike ‘Digging’ written in a traditional way. Following in his fathers footsteps and traipsing around the farm Heaney would make a nuisance of himself. The poem is ended with a twist as Heaney states that the tables have turned as considering the present Seamus Heaney feels his father is stumbling behind him. This is reflected when he states: â€Å"It is my father who keeps stumbling Behind me and will not go away.† Like the general theme in ‘Digging’ these two lines have both a literal and metaphorical meaning, the literal is that his father is now and old man and is physically stumbling behind him and becoming a nuisance. The hidden metaphorical meaning is one that highlights the shame he feels, the way in which his father is ‘stumbling’ behind him reflects how the memories of breaking the family tradition haunt him still and how his father is now a burden through the regret he feels. â€Å"Digging† starts by setting the scene with a two line stanza: â€Å"Between my finger and my thumb The squat pen rests: snug as a gun† The poet is sitting, watching and listening whilst absorbing his surroundings. We see how he is in deep thought as the second line simile reveals that although the pen is sitting comfortably it is potentially enormously powerful. He refers to his pen as ‘squat’ I believe this is ironic as the burden of breaking a tradition and risking further collapsing the Irish stereotype is not light at all in fact it is a heavy burden to handle. Heaney lets his pen rest as he observes his father out of the window this creates an opposing mood to the following phrase â€Å"snug as a gun† this truly convinces the reader of its power. I believe that through this he is showing us that he feels he must detach himself as a writer from his family in order to view his relationships from a realistic perspective; he must distance himself from the feelings he has towards his family in order to evaluate fairly and make things less personal to him and more of an all round view upon the farming tradition. In the next stanza we are shown how ‘Digging’ is an auditory poem: â€Å"†¦a clean rasping sound When the spade sinks into gravely ground:† This is what Heaney is hearing as he looks out of his window. The fact he uses sounds brings him poem to life more and makes everything more realistic. Heaney then writes â€Å"My father, digging. I look down† I believe that this metaphor could symbolise the fact that Heaney is higher is status than his father; Heaney is a middle-class poet whereas his father is a working class farmer. In stanza four of ‘Digging’ it says: â€Å"The coarse boot nestled on the lug, the shaft against the inside knee was levered firmly. He rooted out tall tops, buried the bright edge deep† I believe that the first two lines convey to us that the spade is just as comfortable for his father as then pen is for him. On the next line the words ‘rooted’, ‘out’ and ‘tops’ are examples of assonance whereas ‘buried’ and ‘bright’ are both alliteration these two literacy devises together have an astonishing appeal adding poetic structure to the piece. In the sixth stanza Heaney says: â€Å"Once I carried him milk in a bottle Corked sloppily with paper. He straightened up To drink it, then fell to right away† He is talking about his grandfather the way he says he â€Å"fell to† gives us the image of a robot like character programmed into doing his work only. It seems that he has no time for his grandson and although he is working hard and is focused this also is a reflection of their poor relationship and highlights the lack of intimacy between the two. The fact that Heaney carried his grandfather milk shows that the children were encouraged to partake in family work and start their farming at a young age. Heaney praises and celebrates his fathers farming skills throughout his work and the relaxed movements and smooth rhythm that is described within Heaney’s poetry becomes a great reflection upon the poetic technique of him as a writer showing that though his father has rhythmic physicality he himself can create a great poetic flow: â€Å"Nicking and slicing neatly, heaving sods Over his shoulder, going down and down For the good turf. Digging.† Through these lines we see Heaney recreating the movement and allowing us to absorb the precise handling and controlled rhythm farming requires. Also the way the poet uses the title of the poem in a short sentence is very effective because it reinforces and reminds us of the key ideas Heaney wishes to highlight within this particular poem. The final two stanzas’ I believe are crucial to the success of the poem as a whole. Heaney firstly says: â€Å"The cold smell of potato mould, the squelch and slap Of soggy peat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This again is a reflection of the auditory aspect of the poem. We see here how the smells of Irish farming are also embedded in Heaney’s memory; the onomatopoeia and alliteration used here makes his senses visual for the reader to interpret. Heaney goes on to state: â€Å"Through living roots awaken in my head. But I’ve no spade to follow men like them† My interpretation of this phrase would suggest the harsh reality that he himself is attached from the roots of his family tree. We see that though he admires his family greatly he hasn’t got the drive, the skill or the ambition to continue and repeat their fine work. The fact Heaney doesn’t have the skill of a farmer is reflected when he states â€Å"But I have no spade† this translates to tell the reader that he isn’t at all like his family members and shows us that he is distancing himself from them. The poem finally ends with a stanza much like the first: â€Å"Between my finger and my thumb The squat pen rests. I’ll dig with it† It is clearly noticeable that the poet has not used any reference to a gun here and we see he has replaced the gun with a tool so he may dig. I believe that when he says he will ‘dig’ with his pen he is talking about digging into his family history and glorifying his ancestors by continuing their tradition in his own way. I believe that the fact the last line in set in the future tense emphasizes Heaney’s determination. I also think the ending of this poem concludes some sort of temporary resolution yet we know the poet is not finished; there is more that Heaney feels must be said in order to settle his troubled mind and erase the stereotype. This brings us onto follower†¦ ‘Follower’ being the title of this poem is in itself slightly ironic as he is writing of how he used to be a follower to his father as a child, traipsing around the farm; yet there is the reality that now he knows he cannot follow his father in the family tradition. Throughout this poem the skill and precision of Heaney’s father is stressed. He starts stanza two by calling his father â€Å"An expert.† This is an extremely short sentence with no verbs which conveys the feeling that there is no dispute about Heaney’s appraisal of his father; I believe it is an accurate opinion of the man’s ability and precision. The phrase â€Å"Single pluck† proves his father can turn a horse and plough around effortlessly this conveys the flawlessness he has achieved over time. In the next stanza â€Å"Narrowed and angled† is used to again describe the precise technique his father uses. The second half of the poem which consists of three stanzas’, talks about Heaney as a child and how he acted rather than about his father and the skills he had. The starts of these three stanzas’ I believe are very significant†¦Ã¢â‚¬ I stumbled† is the first, followed by â€Å"I wanted† and finally â€Å"I was a nuisance†. I think that these truly prove to the reader Heaney’s acceptance of his failure as a child and his failure as a farmer. Within the fourth stanza of â€Å"Follower† Heaney mention’s â€Å"the polished sod† this again describes how neat his father was by allowing us to create a picture of how exact and perfect the farmland was; the term ‘sod’ means a surface covered with grass or turf it also can be a section cut or torn from the surface of grassland, containing the matted roots of grass we imagine this to be tatty and not at all as Heaney describes it; this reflects upon how his father was such a credible craftsman, it seems like he could perfect any land. The father son relationship is also reflected within ‘Follower’: â€Å"Sometimes he rode me on his back, Dipping and rising to his plod.† We know that Heaney’s father is a man of strength and power but here we see that he is also a man with love for his dear son. Their loving relationship is prominent through the way he treats his son. These two lines show readers that they both enjoyed being together on the farm and also that Heaney’s father showed sheer enjoyment when introducing his eldest son to a life of farming and to the traditional trade itself. Although Heaney was a nuisance his father would encourage him and help him along. We see how Heaney is filled with idolisation towards his heroic father, he says: â€Å"I wanted to grow and plough, To close one eye, stiffen my arm.† This symbolizes his admiration and shows us that Heaney as a child saw farming as a way of emulating his father’s actions. I as a reader can understand what an immense opportunity farming could have been for Heaney it was a chance for him to live up to his fathers achievements and continue to accomplish greatness in the trade himself; therefore glorifying the family name. Through studying this poem I can see how the poetry itself is much more flexible than that within ‘Digging’. I can see how he has eased up and feels he can be more personal with the way he writes he is talking about himself and his father directly throughout showing to me as a reader that he is calmer and no longer has so many serious and forceful points he must portray to us; his mind seems more settled. He shows acceptance of his fathers work and growing composure which is just slightly shattered as he shows again his frustration and regret at the end of the poem. As shown, Heaney uses many poetic techniques within his work , often he uses imagery; this literacy devise is a great tool that brings his work to life creating a sense of immediacy that produces vivid pictures in our minds making me as a reader feel involved and captured within the moment. Within ‘Digging’ images of a ‘man-machine’ are used to glorify and intensify the pictures we see when imagining Heaney’s ancestors whereas ‘Follower’ uses nautical imagery, this is imagery that is linked to ships and boats. We are given the image of a man-machine in ‘Digging’ through the powerful, masculine verbs Heaney uses he says rhythmic words such as ‘straining’ and ‘stooping’ they are monotonous, repetitive and reveal the strenuous nature of pastoral work illustrating the power his father and fathers father wielded with their shovel and sweat. â€Å"Twenty years away† This is a phrase that reinforces the repetitive nature of the physical labour it lets us know that farming is a job for life. Heaney visualises his father in his prime to place emphasize upon the power he had. The technical terms used like ‘lug’, ‘shaft’ and ‘levered’ confirm the machine image. With machine-like accuracy â€Å"He rooted out the tall tops, buried the bright edged deep† The alliteration used here enhances the reader’s visual imagery producing a picture of experience and excellence. We see further on how the image of a man-machine is reinforced as Heaney speaks of his grandfather, he says: â€Å"Nicking and slicing neatly, heaving sods Over his shoulder, going down and down For the good turf.† This shows us that the generations of skill have been passed down through the family as has the ancient tradition; we see how Heaney’s grandfather truly knew his craft. Great strength and power is exposed when reading these lines. Follower immediately illuminates the agricultural aspect of Ireland; we see this is the first line where he says his father â€Å"worked with a horse-plough† to reinforce the Irish cultivation Heaney uses technical terms such as ‘wing’, ‘sock’ and ‘headrig’ this shows his involvement in the farming tradition and his up bringing is reflected as we see he has come to learn the language of a true farmer. We came to realise that instead of the man machine images that are used in ‘Digging’ Heaney uses nautical references to create imagery within ‘Follower’; the nautical aspect is used to interpret the flow of his fathers work which works immensely well. The first of the nautical implications is when Heaney speaks of his father saying: â€Å"His shoulders globed like a full sail strung† This simile is used to show the immense strength and great power within his father’s masculine physique; it epically suggests that there are definite requirements and necessities needed to be as good a farmer as Heaney’s father indeed is. I also believe that the word ‘Globed’ is especially used as it has a hidden meaning I believe it suggests that Heaney thinks the world of his father and that it is a reflection of his father’s Godly ambience. The third line of the second stanza states that: â€Å"The sod rolled over without breaking† This nautical reference translates to the fact that as the earth turned it looked like a wave breaking in the sea. â€Å"Mapping the furrow exactly† This is a navigational image, the use of the word exactly reveals that his father does the work precisely and perfectly emphasizing upon his experience and skill showing he has been working the land for a long time. Heaney also says: â€Å"I stumbled in his hob-nailed wake† Again this is said nautically when referring to his father this reference is meaning that he Was like a ships trail; his father indeed being the ship itself. This reference could also symbolise an image of the ploughman’s heavy boots, the carefully ploughed furrow and the child’s clumsy enthusiasm.